Finding the right mindset is crucial to having a positive outlook on life. With so many negative things happening in the world, it’s easy to get lost in a cycles of sadness.

The good news is there’s a way to train your brain to find happiness in more places than you did before. Some exercises and habits can guide our thinking toward a more peaceful and positive worldview. Neuroscience has come to the rescue, developing a simple habit that cultivates happy thinking.

Neuroscience hack to find happiness and positivity everywhere

In a 2025 article for Inc., Marcel Schwantes, an executive coach, speaker, and author, wrote about a brain hack to boost happiness. Schwantes writes, “When your brain is trained to focus on problems or threats, it reinforces stress. But when it’s trained to recognize moments of meaning, progress, and connection, it creates a more resilient and optimistic mindset.”

He offers up a simple exercise to incorporate into your daily routine for 21 consecutive days. It’s an effortless practice that shouldn’t take too much time.

The exercise is to write about one positive experience that occurred in the past 24 hours:

  • Write down all the details you can remember about the experience
  • List whoever was involved
  • Write what happened
  • Why it matters to you

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Young women having fun at the park. image via Canva – Photo by Hero Images

An exercise that builds positive results

The idea behind the exercise is to allow yourself to relive the experience while teaching your brain the importance of positivity. You will enhance the neural pathways that facilitate recognizing and appreciating similar experiences. It will shift how you connect with other people. And, improve how you handle challenges in the future.

A 2023 study in the National Library of Medicine found that writing about something as simple as “Three Good Things” produced consistent increases in positive affect and life satisfaction. Chloë Bean, a licensed marriage and family therapist in Los Angeles, California, told GOOD, “I encourage my therapy clients to use visualization, daily journaling, and mindfulness to change their thought patterns.” She continued, “I think writing routines for 21 days definitely influences how one leads their life! This also combines mind and body coordination (if writing by hand, which can bring change to the neural network pathways).”

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Men practice mindfulness overlooking the cliffs and ocean. Image via Canva – Photo by Kampus Production

Biology sometimes leads us away from our happiness

Exercises like the 21 days suggested by Schwantes can reprogram our minds from the biological thinking patterns that helped the human species survive. Known as the “negativity bias,” this thought pattern helped us instinctively navigate the rigors of a hunting and gathering lifestyle.

A 2024 study in Springer Nature Link found that a bias toward negative cues was related to increased anxiety levels. A 2022 study in the National Library of Medicine discovered that negative or perceived dangerous stimuli hold our attention longer. These feelings led to higher levels of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.

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Man smiles at dusk. Image via sss – Photo by ridofranz

A great attitude can help you find happiness.

A healthy mindset enables us to handle stress effectively, navigate challenging situations, and make informed decisions. Positive thinking, self-compassion, and gratitude are habits that train our brains to see opportunities more clearly, rather than just focusing on threats and problems. Learning different activities to introduce into our daily routines can help us grow stronger, more capable, and closer to happiness.

Watch this professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School talk about the keys to happiness in this YouTube video below:

  • A bonobo’s make-believe tea party has scientists rethinking whether imagination belongs only to humans
    Photo credit: CanvaAn adorable baby bonobo.

    Childhood activities like playing house, superheroes and villains, the floor is lava, and the classic tea party all involve imagination. We create stories and worlds with rules and roles to play.

    Humans want to believe that our creativity and art make us unique. But a bonobo named Kanzi was part of research that has scientists wondering how different we really are. In three evolving experiments, Kanzi correctly identified pretend objects, demonstrating that he could understand and engage in make-believe situations.

    primate research, behavior, bonobo study
    Kanzi associates words and symbols with Sue Savage-Rumbaugh.
    Photo by William H. Calvin, Phd/ Wikimedia Commons (Cropped)

    Kanzi has a make-believe tea party

    Researchers developed a simple setup using cups, a pitcher, and actions that began as real pouring and gradually shifted into pretend play. The first experiment used real liquids. The second had a combination of real and pretend liquids. The final scenario had no real liquids and relied entirely on imagination.

    The scientists used gestures and make-believe to see if Kanzi would react differently depending on what he was being shown. He didn’t react the same way in each setup. His responses showed he was paying attention to more than just the objects, but also to the way the situation was presented.

    bonobo play, animal imagination, Kanzi bonobo, apes
    Kanzi participates in an indoor test.
    Photo by William H. Calvin, Phd/ Wikimedia Commons (Cropped)

    Animals engaging in fantasy

    The experiment revealed that non-human animals can understand and follow along with imaginary situations.

    “[It] shows that animals are capable of understanding pretence in a controlled experimental setting, which hadn’t been done before,” Dr. Amalia Bastos, first author of the research from the University of St Andrews, told The Guardian.

    Scientists involved in the research are careful about how they describe it. They don’t treat it as proof that bonobos imagine things the same way humans do. Instead, they suggest that animals are capable of responding to situations where meaning is implied rather than directly shown.

    Why scientists care about pretend play

    Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientific minds in history, is often credited with the idea that logic gets you from A to B, but imagination can take you everywhere. This study suggests that the more we learn about animals, the more it seems the difference between us may not be as great as we once thought.

    Developmental research credits early social and cognitive growth in human children to imagining situations that aren’t physically present. A 2024 meta-analysis found that make-believe is not just entertainment but also directly linked to social understanding and real-world interpretation.

    Researchers now describe animal play as more flexible than once believed. A 2025 study of ravens revealed that play included the manipulation of sticks, stones, and other items, suggesting social awareness and responsiveness to context rather than simple instinctive behavior.

    Play and imagination may be versatile behaviors no longer seen as uniquely human traits. A broader cognitive toolkit shared across multiple species suggests the gap between humans and animals may be smaller than it once seemed. Things we’ve long believed to be uniquely human may instead exist along a spectrum of abilities expressed in different ways.

  • Humans nearly vanished 800,000 years ago, revealing a quiet truth: most family lines disappear
    Photo credit: CanvaA group of people hiking in the mountains.

    There was a moment in human history when our entire existence may have desperately clung to a thousand or so people. A DNA-based study found that between 800,000 and 900,000 years ago, our ancestors experienced a severe population crash.

    This wasn’t humans dealing with a giant meteor like the one that wiped out the dinosaurs. It was a much slower stretch during which humanity teetered on the brink of disappearing completely. This bottleneck in the human gene pool, comprising roughly 1,280 breeding individuals, lasted about 117,000 years.

    population, genomes, Ice Age, Early-Middle Pleistocene
    Removing representation of a human population group.
    Photo credit: Canva

    Human population levels plummet

    According to Scientific American, the study analyzed modern human genomes to piece together what the early human population looked like. By constructing a complex family tree of genes from present-day humans, researchers were able to identify important evolutionary events.

    During the Early-Middle Pleistocene, a period within the Ice Age, humans faced severe weather and intense glacial cycles. Most human ancestors may have died out, clearing the path for a new human species to take their place.

    Focusing on Africa, the study showed that 813,000 years ago, human populations began to recover and grow again. With an estimated two-thirds of genetic diversity potentially lost, traits like brain size appear to have been among the important features that survived. “It represents a key period of time during the evolution of humans,” population geneticist and study co-author Ziqian Hao said. “So there are many important questions to be answered.”

    DNA, genomes sequence, human existence, heredity
    DNA genome sequences.
    Photo credit: Canva

    Understanding evolution and ancestry

    What we know about evolution reveals a different story than a simple, continuous line of human improvement. Over time, genetic lines disappear—not dramatically all at once. It’s a slow and steady change, generation after generation.

    Human existence isn’t inevitable. Species strength or technical advancement doesn’t guarantee the future or explain our past. It’s contingent on narrow, accidental circumstances. A 2021 study showed that human evolution is better seen as a continuous flow of incremental fragments over time. Categorizing people into races and groups oversimplifies human history.

    species strength, evolutionary improvement, genetic lines, technical advancement
    A diverse group of wooden figures.
    Photo credit: Canva

    What does the bottleneck study say about us?

    The study reveals humanity didn’t simply decline; it nearly collapsed. With over 98% of our genetic diversity erased, entire branches of the human family tree permanently ceased to exist.

    It’s quite possible that if even a few more of those genetic lines had ended, human history could have vanished with them. Most branches of life don’t continue. What we witness today reflects biological persistence and countless moments that could have gone another way.

    A 2024 study conducted five billion simulations, revealing that as a species’ population shrinks, its risk of extinction rises. Even stable groups can quickly collapse if their numbers suddenly drop low enough.

    A 2025 study found that small populations erode genetic diversity. Isolation increases inbreeding and elevates the risk of extinction. Once a lineage shrinks, recovery becomes vastly more challenging over time. Long-term survival is an exception, not the guiding rule.

    Humanity likes to think of itself as the result of an incredibly unique progression. Perhaps studies like these suggest that we are actually what remains when everything else disappears. The reason any of us live today comes down to a small group of ancient outlasters: persevering individuals whose genetic lines are the building blocks of every human living today.

  • Researchers capture sperm whales headbutting on camera, validating what sailors have said for centuries
    Photo credit: University of St Andrews/YouTubeSperm whales headbutting.
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    Researchers capture sperm whales headbutting on camera, validating what sailors have said for centuries

    “It’s exciting to think about what as-yet unseen behaviours we may soon uncover”

    For centuries, sailors have told wild tales of whales ramming ships. Reports of a sperm whale smashing and sinking the Essex in 1820 inspired Herman Melville to write Moby-Dick. Scientists had never witnessed it themselves—until now.

    Researchers have captured the first-ever drone footage of sperm whales headbutting each other. During fieldwork off the coast of the Balearic Islands, they recorded three separate incidents between 2020 and 2022.

    Drone footage captures sperm whales headbutting

    The new study was published in the journal Marine Mammal Science. Using drones, researchers from the University of St Andrews, the University of the Azores, and Asociación Tursiops captured video evidence of sperm whales headbutting. They found that most of the whales were young, immature males. In one incident, a young male circling near a female suddenly charged and slammed into her, knocking her off course. After the impact, she broke away from the group and did not return.

    The researchers estimated impact speeds ranging from 1.8 to 8 miles per hour, with collisions generating forces of up to 20 tons of pressure. The impacts captured on video were not necessarily considered aggressive. In fact, researchers believe the behavior reflects rough play or forms of mock combat. Similar behaviors can be seen in other mammals, like dolphins and lions.

    sperm whales, Moby Dick, literature, history, whaling
    A depiction of Moby-Dick.
    Photo credit: Canva

    Observations of sperm whale behavior

    Using their large heads, sperm whales have been reported by whalers to strike and move objects since the 19th century. “It was really exciting to observe this behaviour, which we knew had been hypothesised for such a long time, but not yet documented and described systematically,” said Dr. Alec Burslem, lead author of the study.

    “It’s exciting to think about what as-yet unseen behaviours we may soon uncover, as well how more headbutting observations may help us to shed light on the functions the behaviour may serve,” Burslem added.

    Documented, unprovoked attacks on humans by sperm whales are exceedingly rare, with most occurring during historical whaling incidents. Research indicates that sperm whales do not naturally exhibit aggression toward humans. While they can be curious, they often avoid vessels and observers. Historical accounts of whales ramming ships are likely defensive reactions rather than predatory attacks.

    ocean mammals, sperm whales, non-aggressive behavior, language, social structures
    A sperm whale.
    Photo credit: Canva

    Language and cultural identities

    Whales use clicks like letters, combining them into sequences that function like words in a complex form of communication. A 2024 study found that sperm whales use a highly sophisticated communication system with structures resembling a phonetic alphabet. These audio cues are used for coordination, caregiving, and social interaction.

    A 2022 study found that specific click patterns serve as symbolic markers that help establish cultural identities within sperm whale pods. Researchers identified seven distinct clans, each with its own unique dialect. This provided quantitative evidence of whale social structures known as identity codas.

    Studying this new drone footage offers fresh insights into whale social groups and behavior. While the headbutting may look aggressive, researchers interpret it as rough play. With technologies like drones giving scientists unprecedented access to these interactions, it’s exciting to think of what discoveries are yet to be made.

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