People often use Google Maps to track locations, create itineraries, and view pictures of properties. Nearly two years ago, social media users noticed a bizarre ‘black hole’ in the middle of the Pacific Ocean on Google Maps. After much speculation and research, they discovered it was an uninhabited coral island called Vostok Island. Fifteen years ago, a diver visited the island and documented his experience for National Geographic.


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Located nearly 4,000 miles east of Australia, Vostok Island looks like a “giant guitar’s pick,” a triangle with nothing visible on it in the aerial view on Google Maps, as per UNILAD. Belonging to the Republic of Kiribati, the secluded island has attracted people’s curiosity for decades. For years, people have been cooking up conspiracy and wild theories speculating about the nature of this island with densely forested terrain.


via GIPHY


Some people on Reddit claimed it was a “censored” destination that only selected authorities knew about, while others thought it was a secret military base. According to Live Science, Google often blurs out sensitive sites such as military bases or prison yards, to avoid disclosing information about their location and structure.

Representative Image Source: Pexels | Ollivves
Representative Image Source: Pexels | Ollivves

In Reddit’s group r/GoogleMaps, u/the_professor64 pondered that this ‘hollow’ space could be an underground volcano. “Could maybe be an underground volcano that causes the blackness, assuming it isn’t a hole. Most likely igneous rock,” the individual wrote. u/Eternal_memory called it a “portal to Atlantis (a submerged city).” u/newportsnbeerxboxone wondered that “it’s probably part of the Russian land bridge that was destroyed long ago.” u/64G1gabyte commented, “Giant lost a guitar pick in the middle of the ocean? Relatable?” Several commented on Google Maps that it looked like a “black hole.”

Image Courtesy: Reddit |
Image Courtesy: Reddit | u/Eternal_Memory

Image Source: Reddit |
Image Source: Reddit | u/SnooGrapes8094

However, when diver Enric Sala visited the mysterious island in 2009, he reported that “he loved swimming around the beautiful corals there.” Despite the odd location, Sala described his dive in the waters around Vostok island as “the very best dive of his life.” The cryptic island is also known to be a well-protected site where schools of sharks prowl around, as well as shoals of barracudas glide in the untouched blue waters. “There were sharks around us, schools of jags, barracuda and surgeon fish, everything,” Sala exclaimed in the footage.


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The island remains mostly untouched by human presence, except for occasional divers exploring its waters, due to its remote location, according to The Sun. Covering just 1.3km in length, the island is densely jacketed with thickets of towering Pisonia trees that can grow up to 98 feet. These trees block out the Sun, and cause the island to remain dark. Apart from this, the island hosts a variety of wildlife, including seabirds, skunks, crabs, and turtles. It is appreciated for its “diverse and productive” reef as pointed out by a community ecologist, @StuartSandin, on X.



“Incredible! Really unbelievable. This is the most pristine place we have dived so far. We have found it, this is it. Vostok Island. I cannot wait to get back in the water,” Sala exclaimed with delight, concluding the dive footage. After this 2009 dive, he once again visited the island in 2021, as per an Instagram post.



Despite all this information, people remain curious why the island appears as a hole on Google Maps. According to BBC, the black appearance is probably an optical illusion, caused by Vostok’s dense forest when photographed from low orbit. The trees are dark green, but give off the appearance of black from the top, and that’s why on Google Maps, it looks like a “black hole.”


https://youtube.com/watch?v=ufCpWk1WRoc%3Fsi%3DsuDdZUyymnOEnnOa

  • Scottish children are helping penguins find mating partners with these tiny, painted stones
    Scottish kids are helping penguins get a date.Photo credit: Edinburgh Zoo on Instagram
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    Scottish children are helping penguins find mating partners with these tiny, painted stones

    “I would cry if a penguin picked MY pebble 😭 It’s a life goal”

    During mating season, male gentoo penguins are tasked to find pretty and smooth rocks to present to prospective mates. This is meant as a gesture to woo them and to be used to build a nest with them, too. Well, this season, the penguins at the Edinburgh Zoo in Scotland got some help.

    Kids being supported by the Edinburgh Children’s Hospital Charity gathered together to paint pebbles with vibrant colors for the penguins. The hospitalized children do this every year with the first stone traditionally placed in the penguin enclosure. The children often watch a livestream of the gentoo penguin enclosure to see the penguin pick their favorite rocks that they’ve painted.

    Commenters sound off on the penguins’ pebbling

    The Edinburgh Zoo posted this year’s pebbling pickings on Instagram, delighting the commenters:

    “I would cry if a penguin picked MY pebble 😭 It’s a life goal lol.”

    “This is just brilliant! How wonderful to see a creative health initiative that actively connects the children with a purpose like this!”

    “This is heartwarming ❤️❤️❤️”

    “This is brilliant for the penguins and the children! Can’t wait to see the beautiful nests.”

    “My grandson painted a pebble he’s hoping it gets picked.🤞🤞🤞”

    “Penguin pebble pilfering season is upon us! So pleased it makes so many people (and penguins) happy.”

     “Oh no, now I’m questioning if penguins have favourite colours.”

    “Any that aren’t picked would make an awesome rock garden that kids visiting the zoo could pick from!!”

    “This is the cutest thing I have seen probably ever.”

    Pebbling practices for human relationships

    As mentioned, this mating ritual called “pebbling” is a gesture made by male penguins to their mate to not just build a nest. It’s their version of saying, “I saw this and I thought of you.” In fact, psychologists and couples therapists recommend adopting a version of pebbling for human relationships.

    Now to “pebble” in dating or married relationships doesn’t literally mean giving your partner rocks (unless they’re a geologist that would love that sort of thing). For humans, pebbling your partner means to share or give a small gift like a flower, toy, or object that has some meaning to one or both of you. It doesn’t always have to be a gift either, but it could be a photo, social media post, or a meme you can text them. It’s essentially anything that conveys “I saw this and thought of you” in order to showcase affection to them and initiate closer conversations.

    Pebbling isn’t just for romantic couples either. Many autistic people find it more difficult to navigate socially due to high anxiety, sensory sensitivities, or having trouble interpreting social cues. By texting a GIF to a friend, giving a small flower to their parent during a walk, or other such pebbling, it allows some autistic people the ability to communicate their affection and connection without the pressure of using words.

    Whether it’s a colorful rock or something else, pebbling can be a valid form of communication between friends, partners, or potential mates. It all depends on who you choose to build a nest with.

  • Scientists have created a leather clothing alternative made entirely from mushrooms that looks and feels like the real thing
    Left: Mushrooms. Right: A model dressed in a leather jacket.Photo credit: Canva

    Austria’s scientists have created a leather made from mycelium. Growing mushrooms in low-oxygen chambers allows researchers to craft an alternative material that feels and looks like traditional leather. The finished textile is strong, flexible, and even fire-resistant.

    Manufacturers grow the material instead of harvesting it from animals. After it reaches the desired thickness, they apply non-toxic enzymes to keep it fully biodegradable. The vegetative part of the fungus grows into a dense mat over a matter of days. Above all, it avoids the environmental impact of traditional leather production.

    Alternative leather made from mushrooms

    This is not science fiction; fungal fabric has grown from a curiosity into reality. A 2025 report listed the benefits of mushroom leather as having a lower carbon footprint. It begins with a substantial reduction in water use. Growing mushrooms, compared to raising cattle, requires a fraction of the water.

    Secondly, the product breaks down naturally without microplastic contamination. Using enzymes that cross-link the fibers results in a material free of blended toxic materials.

    Moreover, by creating the right environment—a low-oxygen chamber with a nutrient-rich substrate—the mushroom mat can be grown in a matter of days.

    Lastly, mushroom leather is naturally fire-resistant. There’s no need for harmful chemicals to treat the textile. In addition, clean up requires mild soap and lukewarm water.

    A 2026 study in ScienceDirect confirmed the fungal mycelium as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional and synthetic leathers. It demonstrates structural integrity and favorable thermal stability.

    fungus, clothing materials,  environment, biodegradable, non-flammable, dense mat
    Mushroom leather.
    Photo credit: ThamaraGroenleer/ Wikimedia Commons

    Is the public ready for vegan leather?

    People have conflicting thoughts, as seen in the comments on the Instagram post. Some individuals are excited and encouraged by the possibilities. Others, however, are less impressed:

    “I’m ready for it. How do we buy it?”

    “Make it affordable and common!”

    “As long as the final product keeps being painted and coated with chemicals, the purpose of the product is merely green washing.”

    “bio degradable? sorry your shoes were eaten by mold after the rain.”

    “Where we can buy this leather?”

    “Unless we’re talking about aprons/gloves for welders or blacksmiths (which is a fairly niche market), flammability isn’t something most people that wear leather are concerned about.”

    fashion, sustainable materials, clothing, vegan leather, eco-friendly
    Materials and scissors.
    Photo credit: Canva

    Fashion looks for sustainable, yet affordable materials

    Fashion leaders are looking to incorporate more sustainable fabrics into their creations. A 2025 post on Open Forem explored material choices for leading industry fashion designers in 2025. For example, more familiar textiles like polyester, organic cotton, and wool made their traditional rounds. But there was an effort to use plant-based leathers, too.

    Mushroom mycelium leather was a hot choice for its low environmental impact, its short creation time, and its customizable texture and thickness.

    Other exotic materials included banana fibers, seaweed-based fabrics, and Piñatex, a natural, low-impact textile made from pineapple leaf fibre. Designers fashion the plant-based material into vegan handbags, shoes, and wallets.

    A 2026 article in Vogue revealed that Gucci seeks more sustainable ways to produce leather products. The luxury brand began a campaign for vegan alternative leather back in 2021.

    Despite commercial adoption remaining somewhat limited, mushroom leather continues to attract attention for its eco-friendly production and versatility. Grown on agricultural waste while remaining fully biodegradable are cornerstones of this remarkable material.

    You can watch this TED Talk on fashion made from mushrooms:

  • Scientists create environmentally friendly plastic replacement from shrimp shells
    Shrimp shells could become our new plastic.Photo credit: Canva

    Plastic waste has been a growing global issue for years. The United Nations Environment Programme says that 19 to 23 million metric tonnes of plastic waste leaks into lakes, rivers, and oceans each year. Given the threat microplastics pose to animal and human health, efforts to find green replacements have intensified—and they’re working. Scientists from Singapore and Spain have found a strong, potentially viable replacement for plastic made from shrimp shells.

    A research team based at the Singapore University of Technology and Design and the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia in Barcelona has made a biodegradable plastic alternative out of chitosan. Chitosan is a compound created by combining shrimp shells with trace amounts of nickel. It contains a structural molecule found in the shells of crustaceans and insect exoskeletons. Usually discarded as a waste byproduct of shrimp and crab processing, chitosan is commonly produced during seafood preparation and commercial fishing.

    The issue with chitosan, though, was that it weakens and dissolves in water. That is, until recently.

    How chitosan got stronger

    Dissolving chitosan flakes into a weak acetic solution and mixing them with dissolved nickel chloride and water produced surprising results. Scientists then poured the mixture into molds to dry. The process yields a thin, green-tinted film with the strength of commonly used plastics like polypropylene. Even better, when submerged in water, the film grows 50% stronger. This increased durability matches the characteristics of polycarbonate and PETG, plastics commonly used in commercial single-use water bottles.

    Researchers then stress-tested the chitosan material by molding it into cups and containers. They were able to confirm it could hold water without leaks. In terms of biodegradability, the chitosan material reached its half-life in four months in a standard soil burial test. By contrast, most commercial plastics can take centuries to decompose under similar conditions.

    Researchers found that this is not only a better biodegradable plastic alternative, but also one that produces zero waste during creation. When the chitosan/nickel film is submerged, about 87% of the nickel washes out. That wash water can then be reused again and again from one batch of chitosan to the next. According to the researchers, the nickel content of a single AAA battery would provide enough nickel to manufacture more than a dozen chitosan drinking cups.

    The potential future

    Rigorous testing to assess the material’s limits for medical use and consumption still needs to be done. That said, the Food and Drug Administration has already approved products containing chitosan and nickel individually in the past. Barring any troubling research about their combined safety, the outlook is quite positive for future use.

    Hopefully, seafood and battery waste can be reduced, helping lower plastic waste in a three-way win for the environment.

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