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“Take a deep breath.” It’s what your mom told you when you were hyperventilating about some disastrous situation as a kid—maybe a fall off a bike or worse, your brother stealing your toys. Like all things in life, your mom was right; taking a deep breath can be one of the most important things you do all day.


Meditative and mindful practices have been around for centuries, but like so many ancient and esoteric practices, we’re only now getting around to learning what’s truly behind them.

Simply open a magazine or click over to Facebook and you’ll likely be inundated with headlines reading, “Yoga Reduces Stress,” or “The Stress-Busting, Mood-Lifting Effects of Mindfulness.” But beyond these headlines is the real story: We have the control to heal ourselves in ways we’ve not previously imagined.

And it’s not just California hippies taking advantage of the healing power of thought.

For more than 17 years, George Mumford, a sports psychologist and mindfulness expert, has worked with some of the world’s top-performing athletes, including Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant, teaching them that meditation is a key ingredient for winning championships.

“George helped me understand the art of mindfulness,” Bryant told The Huffington Post. “To be neither distracted or focused, rigid or flexible, passive or aggressive. I learned just to be.”

Politicians are also joining the meditation movement in droves. Tim Ryan, a Democratic Congressman from Ohio, makes it a part of his daily routine to take time and introspect. “If this can help me, a half-Irish, half-Italian quarterback from Northeast Ohio, it’s for everybody,” Ryan told Salon in a 2013 interview. He’s also sharing his love of mindfulness and meditation with his constituents. In 2015, Ryan introduced the Academic, Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) Act.

[quote position=”right” is_quote=”true”]To be neither distracted or focused, rigid or flexible, passive or aggressive. I learned just to be.[/quote]

The act will help to financially support teacher training in SEL, which is proven to boost student’s academic performance. “I have seen firsthand what teaching social and emotional learning can do for students and their classrooms in Ohio and across the nation,” Ryan shared in a statement. “These programs are scientifically proven to help students increase skills in problem solving, conflict resolution, responsible decision making and relationship building – these are the skills that will build the foundation for students to better perform academically and throughout their lives. Now is the time to promote programs that create a safer and more secure school culture in America.”

And it’s not just the rich, famous, and powerful using mindful meditation. Groups including the Prison Yoga Project and the Prison Mindfulness Institute are bringing the power of internal reflection to incarcerated individuals across the country.

“Yoga really allowed me to work on core issues,” Adam Verdoux, a 45-year-old ex-con told Epoch Times. “It played a huge part in my change. It really facilitated that process.” There remains a year waitlist to join the yoga program at San Quentin State Prison, where Verdoux served his time. Additionally, Epoch Times reports, more than 15,000 prisoners have requested yoga guidebooks to assist in self-guided meditation.

At the root of much of this is the simple act of focusing on one’s breath—an act that is core to so many meditative traditions. “Breathe in. Breathe out. Pay attention to your breath. Repeat.” Modern science is showing us that this doesn’t just calm us in the moment, if practiced over time, it can actually make real changes to the workings and shape of our brains—changes that actually help us heal from traumas and become more resilient to the stresses we all endure. In one study, researchers at Harvard University found that just eight weeks of mindfulness meditation made measurable and impactful differences in the brain.

“Although the practice of meditation is associated with a sense of peacefulness and physical relaxation, practitioners have long claimed that meditation also provides cognitive and psychological benefits that persist throughout the day,” the study’s senior author Sara Lazar, a Harvard Medical School instructor in psychology, said in a statement. “This study demonstrates that changes in brain structure may underlie some of these reported improvements and that people are not just feeling better because they are spending time relaxing.”

As explained in GOOD’s new video above, this type of meditative practice and the associated changes to our brain can even help us live more in the present moment and overcome that feeling of life speeding by like a freight train. It’s getting more obvious all the time: Soon meditation will be as common sense and as common practice as brushing your teeth. So, if you can build a habit to keep your teeth clean, how can you also take care of your brain in the same way? We created a few quick, illustrated tips to help you bring very simple mindful practices to some unexpected parts of your day:

And for real, you should probably give yourself two minutes and try that last tip before you move on to the next link on the internet.

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The video above was made possible with the support of Here To Be, a new social impact initiative from lululemon.

  • Most people don’t know what they don’t know, but think they do – correcting your metaknowledge can make you a better teacher and learner
    Photo credit: Nicolas-André Monsiau/Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts via Wikimedia CommonsThe ability to say ‘I know that I know nothing’ could be considered a sign of wisdom.

    Do you know what the Apple logo looks like?

    Chances are, you think you do. It’s ubiquitous and iconic. How could you not know it?

    But when tested, it turns out very few people can remember all the features of the logo. One study of 85 people found that only about half could pick the correct logo out of a lineup of similar ones. And only one person could correctly draw it.

    This isn’t an isolated example. A classic study from 1979 found that people similarly couldn’t draw a penny accurately or pick out a correctly drawn penny from incorrect ones.

    People aren’t just bad at remembering things they see all the time, but also in actually knowing how they work. In a 2006 study, many people made significant errors when drawing a bicycle, like putting the chain around the front wheel as well as the back wheel. More than just a forgotten detail, putting the chain around both wheels shows a deeper misunderstanding of how a bicycle works. A bicycle with a chain around both wheels wouldn’t be able to turn.

    Illustration of bike with different components labeled
    Do you truly know how a bicycle works? Al2/Grandiose via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY-SA

    It turns out people’s knowledge of how the world works is often fragmented and sketchy at best. They systematically overestimate their understanding of everyday devices and natural phenomena. People will tend to give themselves high ratings on how well they understand something, such as how bicycles or zippers work. But when they’re asked to actually explain the mechanics of these objects, their ratings of their understanding typically drop.

    Just like how your knowledge of the world around you is imperfect, your knowledge about your own knowledge – also called metaknowledge – is often flawed. My field of cognitive science has been uncovering various gaps in human metaknowledge for decades.

    If people are systematically overconfident about how well they understand things, why don’t they notice when they don’t understand something? And what can people do to better recognize the limits of their own knowledge?

    Why you think you know more than you do

    Researchers have identified several factors behind people’s overconfidence in their knowledge.

    One is that people confuse environmental support with understanding: The information is out in the world but not actually in your head. With a bicycle or a zipper, all of the parts are visible to you, and you may confuse this transparency for an internal understanding of how they work. But until you go to use that knowledge by attempting to explain how they work, you may not recognize that you don’t understand how those parts interact.

    A second factor is confusing different levels of analysis. People can often describe how something works at a very high level. You know that the engine of a car makes the car go, and the brakes slow and stop the vehicle. But confidence in your high-level understanding of the car may bias you to think you also have a good grasp of the finer details, like how the engine pistons and brake pads work.

    Additionally, people can be blind to the ways their knowledge shapes their own perception. In one study, researchers had participants tap out the tune to a popular song. On average, the tappers thought listeners would be able to identify the song about 50% of the time. But when listeners had to identify the tapped song, they actually could identify it only 2.5% of the time. The tappers didn’t realize how much their knowledge was making identifying the song seem easy to them.

    A teacher talks to a student before a chalkboard wall filled with equations, chemical structures and graphs
    Intellectual humility can help you see your expert blind spot. Vitaly Gariev/UnsplashCC BY-SA

    This disconnect has consequences beyond whether someone else can understand your Morse code version of a song. When teaching people, whether in formal classroom settings or through casual mentorship, you can sometimes have an expert blind spot: the inability to recognize the difficulties beginners face when learning something you have expertise in.

    Building expertise often involves internalizing knowledge to the point where it becomes invisible to you. You draw on knowledge you don’t realize you have, making it hard to relate to learners who lack this knowledge – and, of course, hard for learners to relate to your teaching. You might have experienced this when you’ve gotten partway through explaining something, only to realize you’ve been using jargon you forgot isn’t common knowledge and lost your listener.

    How to address metaknowledge failures

    Your metaknowledge can fail in two directions: You can think you know more than you do, and you can be blind to how much you’re relying on knowledge you do have. Each calls for a different response to correct it.

    When you’re overconfident in your knowledge, the remedy is using that knowledge. You’ll quickly realize how much you actually understand and dial down your confidence. Challenging yourself to actually try to walk through how something works is a great exercise in intellectual humility – that is, recognizing that you may be wrong – and can keep you from getting out over your skis.

    Building a greater appreciation for what you know is more difficult. You can’t simply unlearn what you’ve internalized. But what this challenge shows is that, to some extent, knowing a subject and knowing how to teach it are two separate skills. Some experts are great teachers, but not simply by virtue of being experts. Recognizing that you have to approach teaching with humility, and that your expertise doesn’t automatically make you a skilled teacher, can go a long way toward making you a better teacher and mentor.

    These aren’t easy and quick fixes to failures of metaknowledge. Both require ongoing intellectual humility and a willingness to distrust your own confidence. But acknowledging the fallibility of your own metaknowledge is a good place to start.

    This article originally appeared on The Conversation. You can read it here.

  • You can change your emotions – but it’s a 2‑step process that takes some effort
    Photo credit: RealPeopleGroup/E+ via Getty ImagesYou don’t need to be stuck on a negative feeling.

    Picture Gigi, having a chat with her boss, when the meeting takes a sharp turn. Gigi’s boss tells her that her work has been lacking recently and that maybe she needs to stay late a couple of evenings to make it up. Surprised by her boss’s remarks, she feels the rumblings of anxiety rising in her mind and body. Psychology research suggests that Gigi feels anxious because she interpreted her boss’s remarks as something threatening that perhaps she can’t handle.

    Just as Gigi starts frantically looking online for new jobs, she spies the “employee of the month” plaque on her desk from last year. She thinks to herself that maybe she can get back to her old form. She has changed her initial view of the situation (need to run away from a threat) to a new one (let’s rise to the challenge), causing her anxiety to subside. Psychologists call this process reappraisal.

    Studies show that reappraising emotional situations is a powerful way to change how you feel. When you find the silver linings in bad situations or give others and yourself the benefit of the doubt, it can help you feel better.

    I’m a psychology researcher who’s interested in how people change their emotions. Gigi may feel a little less anxious in the moment, but does she truly believe that she can make up the work on time and regain her former glory? My colleagues and I set out to investigate whether it’s possible to start the process of reappraisal without going all the way through with it. Are people getting the full benefit from trying to think differently about their emotions?

    Reappraisal has multiple steps

    When my colleague Kateri McRae and I first started thinking about what it means to fully reappraise emotional experiences, we were struck by something we saw in the emotion regulation research. Almost all of the studies treated reappraisal as a one-step process. Researchers would ask participants to “reappraise this to make yourself feel better” and then measure the effects.

    Man with downcast eyes sits with elbows on knees and fists to temples
    Intentionally finding a new way to think about how you’re feeling can help you start changing your emotions. Maskot via Getty Images

    However, theories about how people regulate their emotions suggest that, like any effortful psychological process, reappraisal involves multiple steps.

    When you want to change how you’re feeling, you first generate a reappraisal. You bend and stretch your mind to come up with some alternative way to look at the situation. For Gigi, seeing the employee of the month plaque helped. She could have also thought of her boss’s previous compliments or how it felt to get projects done early.

    After you generate a reappraisal, it might seem like you’re done, but you’re not. That alternative interpretation is fragile and must compete with your original take that’s driving your emotion. Somehow you need to strengthen that reappraisal so it can stick.

    We call this implementation – when you focus and elaborate on that reappraisal to really change your mind about the situation. For Gigi, she may continue to think about all the ways that she can be a great employee so that it lodges firmly in her mind and makes her anxiety truly disappear.

    We tested this idea in a study. We showed 89 undergraduate participants images of negative situations and asked them to first just generate a reappraisal of the image that could help them feel better about it. For example, they might see a picture of a frail man in a hospital bed and tell themselves that the man is getting good treatment and will be better soon. Then, we showed them the image again and asked them to focus and elaborate in their mind on their reappraisal.

    Participants felt a little better after generating a reappraisal, but they felt much better after implementing it by focusing and fleshing out the details. In a follow-up study, we showed that these emotional boosts persisted when viewing the images later.

    Choosing to commit to feeling better

    So we experimentally showed that people reappraise their feelings in two steps. So what? That’s probably what everyone does naturally, anyway, right?

    This was the next question we sought to answer. We conducted a study with 52 undergraduate participants like the earlier one, but with a twist. This time, after participants generated a reappraisal, we gave them a choice to continue the reappraisal process by implementing it or to stop the process by distracting themselves.

    Participants chose to continue reappraising their emotions only about half the time. Even though reappraisal made participants feel better about the emotional images, there were still many times when they stopped the process prematurely and did not enjoy its full benefits.

    Young woman looks out window holding tablet and pen
    Successfully reappraising your emotions calls for not giving up on the process too soon. whitebalance.space/E+ via Getty Images

    In real life

    These studies showing the benefits of fully following through on emotional reappraisals are lab experiments, but they have implications for how people try to help themselves feel better in real life.

    First, it’s hard to intentionally change how you think about something, and people tend to dislike continuing to do hard things. Indeed, in our choice study, people opted to give up on reappraising when they weren’t feeling its benefits early on. Knowing this human tendency might give you the best chance of continuing reappraisal even when it doesn’t feel like it’s working or is hard.

    Second, people often get reappraisals from others, and it’s tempting to think that hearing a new perspective is all you need. Indeed, we have unpublished data that shows that participants feel pretty good when receiving a reappraisal from someone else about their own situation. But other people cannot change your mind for you. You must do that yourself if you want to truly feel better.

    Next time you’re in an unpleasant situation like Gigi’s, don’t just cursorily think that you can rise to the challenge. Really think through the situation and let your new perspective become your only one.

    This article originally appeared on The Conversation. You can read it here.

  • A new therapy is helping people find joy again, and it’s flipping how we treat depression
    Photo credit: CanvaA smiling woman reaches toward the camera.

    There’s a way depression affects people that often goes unspoken because it doesn’t look exactly like sadness. For some, depression isn’t about overwhelming emotion. It’s the baffling, painful absence of feeling anything at all.

    In clinical trials conducted at the Anxiety and Depression Research Center at Southern Methodist University, Positive Affect Treatment (PAT) attempts to address depression with a different methodology. Researchers created a 15-session approach that focuses less on reducing sadness and more on helping people rediscover joy.

    anhedonia, emotional numbness, joy recovery, reward system
    A young woman in despair.
    Photo credit: Canva

    Relearning how to feel good

    Anhedonia affects up to 90% of people suffering from severe depression. This inability to feel pleasure, along with a basic lack of interest in life, is closely linked to chronic mental illness and suicide risk.

    Most depression treatments understandably focus on reducing pain, calming anxiety, and interrupting spiraling thoughts. This approach has helped millions of people and remains important.

    But the researchers behind PAT started asking different questions: What if recovery isn’t about feeling less bad? What if it’s also about relearning how to feel good again?

    mood disorders, burnout, depression therapy, mental wellness
    A couple enjoys a bike ride.
    Photo credit: Canva

    A treatment that targets the brain’s reward system

    The therapy is designed to target the brain’s reward system. By retraining attention to focus more on positive experiences, researchers saw greater improvements than with traditional therapies that focused mainly on reducing negative emotions.

    Culminating more than a decade of research, psychologist Alicia E. Meuret, who co-led the study, believes targeting positive emotions is a more powerful treatment.

    “When people feel hopeless, they don’t believe anything will change. That’s what anhedonia can look like, and taking away negative emotions doesn’t fix it,” Meuret said in a story on the university’s website.

    “Treatment needs to ask: Is this activity meaningful to you? Will it give you joy or a sense of accomplishment? Does it foster connection?” Meuret added.

    Participants who received PAT treatment showed greater improvements and reported feeling interested in life again.

    emotional resilience, anxiety treatment, happiness science
    A couple on an afternoon walk.
    Photo credit: Canva

    Depression is on the rise

    The National Center for Health Statistics reported in 2025 that there has been a sharp increase in the prevalence of depression over the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic, worsening socioeconomic conditions, social isolation, and increased feelings of loneliness are likely key contributors to America’s growing depression crisis. The demographics most affected are younger adults, women, and financially vulnerable groups.

    In 2025, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released youth mental health statistics showing that 40% of high school students in the United States experience persistent sadness and hopelessness. Depression rates among Americans have increased by nearly 60%. Modern lifestyles have left many people feeling stuck, mindlessly doomscrolling, and isolating themselves.

    That’s part of what makes this therapy feel so unexpectedly hopeful. Joy, wonder, and excitement may be skills the brain can rebuild. Teaching people to look forward positively and find gratitude by noticing little things, like sunlight through a window, may seem small. However, the study suggests this simple practice can feel revolutionary.

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