It’s pretty normal for people in cities and towns across the globe to have a nightlife and stay out late on weekends, but that isn’t the case everywhere. Tucked on the west side of Prince William Sound in Alaska’s Valdez-Cordova County is a strange little town that is so connected and so isolated at the same time. This is because there’s only one way to reach the town other than a boat, which is by driving through a one-way tunnel that runs underneath the glacier and must be crossed before 10 PM.

Image Source: Whittier, Alaska, United States of America (Getty Images)
Image Source: Whittier, Alaska, United States of America (Getty Images)

Abiding by a strict curfew, the town cuts off itself from the rest of the world each night, as the tunnel is closed. The tunnel’s timetable is an official timekeeping system that all people in the town must follow, reports UNILAD. The town named Whittier, also dubbed the “strangest town in Alaska” is home to around 270 people, all of whom live in one 14-story building called Begich Towers, that served as an American military base during the Cold War. It also houses facilities such as a post office, a laundromat, a little market, a convenience store, a church, and a police station, as per NPR. The massive residential complex has also been described as a “town under one roof.” Even the school here is connected to the building through an underground passage. So when a kid has to go to school, they just take the building’s elevator, and walk to the school through the passage, as per CNN. People usually walk to work in their pajamas, greeting each other and work-life boundaries are obviously blurred. “We’re all family here,” the residents told CNN.


https://youtube.com/watch?v=naPguX84Amg%3Fsi%3D-yxxPliyFlHm9B7f

In the building’s basement is a walkway that resembles a labyrinth of storage cages and freezers that are rented out for $15 a month. On the first floor is a small convenience store called Kozy Korner that sells all kinds of junk food including ramen noodles to packets of chips, burritos, pastas, icecreams, and even makeup. Apart from the store, there is also a garden and indoor playground in the Begich Towers. “God’s little acre,” is how a Californian artist and mom of two, Brenda Tolman described the town to CNN.



With 22 feet of snow raining each year, the town is engulfed by towering snow-capped mountains and glaciers. But during all these dark snowy nights, the sight of the town turns a little creepy as it locks itself behind the ancient tunnel.

Representative Image Source: Pedestrian tunnel in the Whittier, Alaska, USA (Getty Images)
Representative Image Source: Pedestrian tunnel in the Whittier, Alaska, USA (Getty Images)

The 2.5-mile-long Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel connects Whittier with the rest of the world but is accessible only from one side. So, people here need to ensure that they’re not driving from the one end when it’s time for people to cross from the opposite side. According to the Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities, the traffic starts at 5:30 a.m., continuing until 11:15 p.m. in summer, whereas it runs between 7 a.m. and 10:45 p.m. in winter. Failing to cross the tunnel and reach the town on time means that the driver would have to spend the night locked away, as the department told UNILAD. So, in the dead of the night, as the World War II rail tunnel is shut down, the Whittierites slip inside their cozy homes and don’t even think about stepping outside.



  • Scientists have created a leather clothing alternative made entirely from mushrooms that looks and feels like the real thing
    Left: Mushrooms. Right: A model dressed in a leather jacket.Photo credit: Canva

    Austria’s scientists have created a leather made from mycelium. Growing mushrooms in low-oxygen chambers allows researchers to craft an alternative material that feels and looks like traditional leather. The finished textile is strong, flexible, and even fire-resistant.

    Manufacturers grow the material instead of harvesting it from animals. After it reaches the desired thickness, they apply non-toxic enzymes to keep it fully biodegradable. The vegetative part of the fungus grows into a dense mat over a matter of days. Above all, it avoids the environmental impact of traditional leather production.

    Alternative leather made from mushrooms

    This is not science fiction; fungal fabric has grown from a curiosity into reality. A 2025 report listed the benefits of mushroom leather as having a lower carbon footprint. It begins with a substantial reduction in water use. Growing mushrooms, compared to raising cattle, requires a fraction of the water.

    Secondly, the product breaks down naturally without microplastic contamination. Using enzymes that cross-link the fibers results in a material free of blended toxic materials.

    Moreover, by creating the right environment—a low-oxygen chamber with a nutrient-rich substrate—the mushroom mat can be grown in a matter of days.

    Lastly, mushroom leather is naturally fire-resistant. There’s no need for harmful chemicals to treat the textile. In addition, clean up requires mild soap and lukewarm water.

    A 2026 study in ScienceDirect confirmed the fungal mycelium as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional and synthetic leathers. It demonstrates structural integrity and favorable thermal stability.

    fungus, clothing materials,  environment, biodegradable, non-flammable, dense mat
    Mushroom leather.
    Photo credit: ThamaraGroenleer/ Wikimedia Commons

    Is the public ready for vegan leather?

    People have conflicting thoughts, as seen in the comments on the Instagram post. Some individuals are excited and encouraged by the possibilities. Others, however, are less impressed:

    “I’m ready for it. How do we buy it?”

    “Make it affordable and common!”

    “As long as the final product keeps being painted and coated with chemicals, the purpose of the product is merely green washing.”

    “bio degradable? sorry your shoes were eaten by mold after the rain.”

    “Where we can buy this leather?”

    “Unless we’re talking about aprons/gloves for welders or blacksmiths (which is a fairly niche market), flammability isn’t something most people that wear leather are concerned about.”

    fashion, sustainable materials, clothing, vegan leather, eco-friendly
    Materials and scissors.
    Photo credit: Canva

    Fashion looks for sustainable, yet affordable materials

    Fashion leaders are looking to incorporate more sustainable fabrics into their creations. A 2025 post on Open Forem explored material choices for leading industry fashion designers in 2025. For example, more familiar textiles like polyester, organic cotton, and wool made their traditional rounds. But there was an effort to use plant-based leathers, too.

    Mushroom mycelium leather was a hot choice for its low environmental impact, its short creation time, and its customizable texture and thickness.

    Other exotic materials included banana fibers, seaweed-based fabrics, and Piñatex, a natural, low-impact textile made from pineapple leaf fibre. Designers fashion the plant-based material into vegan handbags, shoes, and wallets.

    A 2026 article in Vogue revealed that Gucci seeks more sustainable ways to produce leather products. The luxury brand began a campaign for vegan alternative leather back in 2021.

    Despite commercial adoption remaining somewhat limited, mushroom leather continues to attract attention for its eco-friendly production and versatility. Grown on agricultural waste while remaining fully biodegradable are cornerstones of this remarkable material.

    You can watch this TED Talk on fashion made from mushrooms:

  • Scientists create environmentally friendly plastic replacement from shrimp shells
    Shrimp shells could become our new plastic.Photo credit: Canva

    Plastic waste has been a growing global issue for years. The United Nations Environment Programme says that 19 to 23 million metric tonnes of plastic waste leaks into lakes, rivers, and oceans each year. Given the threat microplastics pose to animal and human health, efforts to find green replacements have intensified—and they’re working. Scientists from Singapore and Spain have found a strong, potentially viable replacement for plastic made from shrimp shells.

    A research team based at the Singapore University of Technology and Design and the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia in Barcelona has made a biodegradable plastic alternative out of chitosan. Chitosan is a compound created by combining shrimp shells with trace amounts of nickel. It contains a structural molecule found in the shells of crustaceans and insect exoskeletons. Usually discarded as a waste byproduct of shrimp and crab processing, chitosan is commonly produced during seafood preparation and commercial fishing.

    The issue with chitosan, though, was that it weakens and dissolves in water. That is, until recently.

    How chitosan got stronger

    Dissolving chitosan flakes into a weak acetic solution and mixing them with dissolved nickel chloride and water produced surprising results. Scientists then poured the mixture into molds to dry. The process yields a thin, green-tinted film with the strength of commonly used plastics like polypropylene. Even better, when submerged in water, the film grows 50% stronger. This increased durability matches the characteristics of polycarbonate and PETG, plastics commonly used in commercial single-use water bottles.

    Researchers then stress-tested the chitosan material by molding it into cups and containers. They were able to confirm it could hold water without leaks. In terms of biodegradability, the chitosan material reached its half-life in four months in a standard soil burial test. By contrast, most commercial plastics can take centuries to decompose under similar conditions.

    Researchers found that this is not only a better biodegradable plastic alternative, but also one that produces zero waste during creation. When the chitosan/nickel film is submerged, about 87% of the nickel washes out. That wash water can then be reused again and again from one batch of chitosan to the next. According to the researchers, the nickel content of a single AAA battery would provide enough nickel to manufacture more than a dozen chitosan drinking cups.

    The potential future

    Rigorous testing to assess the material’s limits for medical use and consumption still needs to be done. That said, the Food and Drug Administration has already approved products containing chitosan and nickel individually in the past. Barring any troubling research about their combined safety, the outlook is quite positive for future use.

    Hopefully, seafood and battery waste can be reduced, helping lower plastic waste in a three-way win for the environment.

  • Plastic pollution is a global mess and bamboo could be our way to dig out of it
    A bamboo forest.Photo credit: Photo credit Canva

    Plastic pollution is a global mess and bamboo could be our way to dig out of it

    Eco-friendly materials that are actually affordable and sustainable.

    Plastic pollution is one of the most pressing environmental issues we face today. Conventional plastics are hard to replace because of their durability and low-cost production. Scientists are turning to nature to find new solutions.

    Researchers in China have developed a plastic created from bamboo. It maintains the strength and versatility of traditional plastics without producing the toxic byproducts. This fast-growing, renewable plant is a promising option for making eco-friendly, affordable, recyclable, and biodegradable materials.

    Biodegradable bamboo plastic

    Scientists from Northeast Forestry University have developed a remarkable two-step method transforming bamboo into a reliable plastic. First, they combined bamboo cellulose with a solvent made from zinc chloride and formic acid. The process makes the bamboo flexible. Secondly, they soaked this bamboo gel in ethanol. The gel then formed into a dense material known as bamboo molecular plastic, or BM-plastic.

    Using widely available chemicals at room temperature, the process produces no toxic byproducts, making for a cleaner approach to plastic production. This bamboo bioplastic is durable and still performs well for everyday plastic uses without losing performance. The 2025 study in Nature Communications reported that the eco-friendly plastic bends without snapping and is five times harder than ABS or PLA industrial plastics.

    Unlike traditional plastics, BM-plastic can be recycled or biodegrade naturally. When discarded in soil, it fully breaks down within 50 days. Or, the plastic can be redissolved back into a mix, reused, and retain 90% of its original strength.

    pollution, chemistry, recycling, environment, research, materials, green, cellulose
    Plastic littered beach and bamboo. Photo credit Canva

    BM-plastic is versatile and sustainable

    A 2025 study in MDPI highlights bamboo as one of the fastest-growing plants that are ecologically adaptable, rapidly renewable, soil-stabilizing, and have expanded industrial uses in construction and bioenergy. A 2025 study in Science Direct reported a short harvest cycle of 3-5 years compared to hardwoods, its adaptability to varied growing conditions, and a lower need for pesticides and fertilizers.

    Another great benefit from using BM-plastic is that it can be used in machines already creating plastic products. Injection molds can shape the plastic even for things like lampshades, decorative packaging, and gears. The durability suggests BM-plastic could replace conventional plastics used in construction, electronics, and cars. Testing revealed that after 7 days at 100 degrees Celsius, the temperature at which water boils, it showed no cracks. Strong acids didn’t damage the surface, as it remained unaffected.

    farming, manufacturing, affordablility, production costs, crops, timber, plantations
    Field of bamboo. Photo credit Canva

    Eco-friendly and affordable

    A Global Bamboo Resource Report in 2024 compiled data from governments and policymakers, revealing plantation statistics from 68 countries. It showed sustainable land-use and reliable economic development from bamboo cultivation. Grow Billion Trees reviewed bamboo farming economics that showed low establishment costs relative to traditional timber crops, fast rotation cycles, and emerging markets.

    Eco-friendly resources often fail because of the high cost of production and sustainability. Analysis of BM-plastic has a production cost of about $2300 per ton. Electricity costs are minimal because the creation process occurs at room temperature. A 2025 study in Science Direct revealed that petroleum-based plastics cost about $1,200 per ton. However, the Pew Charitable Trusts suggests the damage to health and climate could raise that level to as much as $2,400 per ton by 2040.

    Earth, future, evolution, children, planet health, community, culture, government
    Handing an Earth painted ball to a child. Photo credit Canva

    New inventions like bamboo plastic might be one of many necessary solutions to a pressing need for more eco-friendly and affordable production. Biodegradable, recyclable, and sustainable plastics could change the landscape for electronics, construction, and packaging. If scientific advances can create more tools to reduce pollution, future generations still might inherit a habitable planet.

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