For Project 012 we asked you to think of ways your local public schools could be improved. David Shepard proposes we give teachers an extra pair of hands. Details after the jump.“I recently finished my undergraduate degree in Economics and Urban Studies at Washington University in St. Louis, where I was very involved in education initiatives in St. Louis and East St. Louis. Now, I am a first-year teacher in West Philadelphia. Here is my idea:As a first-year teacher, the thing that I have noticed most is that teachers seem to have an incredible number of ideas for their students. I wish I had the time to take them on field trips, tutor them, and stay in communication with their parents every week, while at the same time making sure I have time available to create posters, plan engaging lessons and make copies. Furthermore, I don’t think that any two teachers have the same ideas. Therefore, I think that the best way for individuals to help students in their community would be to partner with a teacher. Teacher partners could run errands for teachers who need last minute supplies, help plan and chaperon field trips, or tutor a student after school. I envision a simple database that matches teachers with partners. It would be really easy to organize. Both partners and teachers could register, and either one could contact the other.”This strikes us as a really phenomenal idea. There are plenty of teachers whose effectiveness is limited by the number of hours in the day and who could use some logistical (and, probably, emotional) support. David’s “teacher partners” would be like the support troops for Teach for America corps members and all our hardworking educators. They would also, of course, reap the psychic and karmic benefits of lending a hand.Image of West Philadelphia High School from Waymarking.com
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New Russian research suggests that the human lifespan could be up to 156 years
Humans can live much longer if certain barriers are addressed.
According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the oldest person lived to the ripe age of 122 years old. Such a lifespan is an incredible feat, but what if the average person could beat that record by 34 years? Recent research done in Russia has led scientists to believe that the average human lifespan could be up to 156 years.
The researchers at Skoltech Biomed Technologies Center developed a mathematical model that allowed them to “switch on” a variety of aging mechanisms. This allowed them to calculate a human’s lifespan where mortality risk never increased with age. After experimenting with different scenarios and conditions, they found the biggest barriers to longevity were caused by non-renewable tissues and somatic mutations.
What are these barriers against longer life?
Somatic mutations are DNA changes within a cell. They accumulate over time during a human’s life and cannot be reversed with any existing therapy. These DNA errors that pile up in our cells contribute to the aging process.
Many human organs like the liver and skin continually replace cells and regrow damaged portions of themselves. However, there are two organs that can’t do this: the brain and the heart. Brain tissue (neurons) and heart tissue (cardiomyocytes) cannot regenerate. This proves to be the most prominent biological limit that shortens our lifespans. This explains why issues like dementia and heart disease are prominent causes of death and morbidity later in life. Since those organs’ tissues don’t replace damaged cells, they’re prone to irrevocably decline over time.
“The key finding of the study is the discovery of substantial differences between tissue types. Neurons and cardiomyocytes, which lack the ability to divide, turned out to be the main limiting factors: when all other causes of aging are eliminated, somatic mutations alone reduce the theoretical median lifespan from 1,759 years (for a hypothetical non-aging human organism) to 156 years,” said Evgeny Efimov, a research intern at the Skoltech Biomed Technologies Center, researcher at AIRI, and one of the key authors of the study.
This suggests that somatic mutations and DNA damage is what ultimately prevents humans from living indefinitely, even if our brains and hearts regenerated cells like other organs.
So what’s next?
Now knowing these biological limitations, the researchers hope to study other areas of aging impacting the human lifespan that could plausibly be reversed. This includes mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere shortening, epigenetic drift, and loss of proteostasis.
The hope is to have a clearer priority list of issues for future therapies to tackle. This is not just to possibly extend life, but to improve lives in general. By developing a fully comprehensive theory of aging, Skoltech hopes to pinpoint which aspects of aging are within our scope to address. After all, thoroughly studying each puzzle piece that makes up human life gives us a better understanding of the whole.
Of course, other impactful factors in a person’s lifespan can be addressed today. As most know, things like diet, sleep, and exercise are among them. A person’s living environment can also negatively impact their lifespan if it doesn’t have clean air, access to clean water, and so on.
For now, the best method for living long is to follow instructions from your physician. Whether you make it to 156 years or not, living well is best for whatever time you’re given.
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