When discussing how rich people must pay more taxes, someone often notes that despite their higher progressive tax rates, rich people often pay very little in taxes, because they have very smart and wily attorneys and accountants who find ways to make their clients appear not rich. This is, for instance, the basis for AIG’s taxpayer-funded lawsuit against the IRS, claiming that it shouldn’t owe as much in taxes because much of the money being taxed was supposed to be in offshore tax havens.Well, the government is currently cracking down on things like offshore tax havens, in an attempt to get more money. A large part of this is a settlement with the Swiss bank UBS. Swiss bank accounts, as you may know, are a favorite place to hide money, because the Swiss are famously very discreet about who has money in their accounts (much to the joy of former Nazis everywhere). Sadly for them, UBS was recently accused of aiding and abetting in millions of dollars worth of tax evasion-and not just because people were using their accounts, their representatives were actively touting tax evasion as a benefit and helping their clients launder money (like, say, by hiding diamonds in toothpaste tubes). As part of the settlement in that case, UBS is being forced to divulge the names of its U.S. account holders. The IRS is gleefully waiting, but has proposed a sort of amnesty: Come in now, pay your taxes that you should have been paying on your money, plus interest, and we won’t send you to jail. Idle threats, maybe, but one man has already been arrested, and the IRS promises more are on the way.It’s nice to hear that everyone is getting a fair shake. And our government has recently taken on some unforeseen expenses. They could probably use a few extra bucks that we have tucked away in Geneva.
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The Tsimané people of Bolivia have almost no dementia. Scientists say modern life is our problem.
Their rate of dementia is roughly 1%. In the United States, it’s 11%.
Deep in the Bolivian Amazon, researchers studying two indigenous communities have found something that stopped them in their tracks: among older Tsimané adults, the rate of dementia is roughly 1%. In the United States, the figure for the same age group is 11%.
The finding, published in the journal Alzheimer’s & Dementia, is part of nearly two decades of research on the Tsimané and their sister population the Mosetén, communities who have been recorded as having some of the lowest rates of heart disease, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline ever measured in science. A subsequent study from the University of Southern California and Chapman University, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, used CT scans on 1,165 Tsimané and Mosetén adults to measure how their brains age compared to populations in the US and Europe. The answer was striking: their brains age significantly more slowly.
The researchers’ explanation centers on what they call a “sweet spot” — a balance between physical exertion and food availability that most people in industrialized countries have drifted far from. “The lives of our pre-industrial ancestors were punctuated by limited food availability,” said Dr. Andrei Irimia, an assistant professor at USC’s Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and co-author of the study. “Humans historically spent a lot of time exercising out of necessity to find food, and their brain aging profiles reflected this lifestyle.”

The Tsimané people of Bolivia posing for a photograph. Photo credit: Canva The Tsimané are highly active not because they exercise in any structured sense but because their daily lives demand it. They fish, hunt, farm with hand tools, and forage, averaging around 17,000 steps a day. Their diet is heavy on carbohydrates — plantains, cassava, rice, and corn make up roughly 70% of what they eat, with fats and protein splitting the remaining 30%. It is not a low-carb or protein-heavy regimen. It is, essentially, the diet of people who burn what they consume. CNN’s Dr. Sanjay Gupta, who visited a Tsimané village in 2018 for his series “Chasing Life,” noted that they also sleep around nine hours a night and practice what might be called intermittent fasting — not by choice, but by necessity during lean seasons.
The research also included the Mosetén, who share the Tsimané’s ancestral history and subsistence lifestyle but have more access to modern technology, medicine, and infrastructure. Their brain health outcomes fell between the Tsimané and industrialized populations, better than Americans and Europeans, but not as strong as the Tsimané. Researchers describe this gradient as especially revealing because it suggests a continuum rather than a binary, and that even partial movement toward a more active, less calorically abundant lifestyle appears to have measurable effects on how the brain ages.
“During our evolutionary past, more food and less effort spent getting it resulted in improved health,” said Hillard Kaplan, a professor of health economics and anthropology at Chapman University who has studied the Tsimané for nearly 20 years. “With industrialization, those traits lead us to overshoot the mark.”
The researchers are careful to note that the Tsimané lifestyle is not simply transferable. Their longevity in absolute terms is lower than Americans’ because of deaths from trauma, infection, and complications in childbirth, hazards of living without a healthcare system. The point of the research is not that modern medicine is unnecessary but that the environments it’s embedded in may be undermining the brain health it’s trying to protect.
“This ideal set of conditions for disease prevention prompts us to consider whether our industrialized lifestyles increase our risk of disease,” Irimia said.
This article originally appeared earlier this year.
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