Bill Gates sure is strict on how his children use the very technology he helped bring to the masses. In a recent interview with the Mirror, the tech mogul said his children were not allowed to own their own cellphone until the age of 14. “We often set a time after which there is no screen time, and in their case that helps them get to sleep at a reasonable hour,” he said.

Gates added that the children are not allowed to have cellphones at the table, but are allowed to use them for homework or studying. The Gates children, now 20, 17 and 14, are all above the minimum age requirement to own a phone, but they are still banned from having any Apple products in the house—thanks to Gates’ longtime rivalry with Apple founder Steve Jobs.

Why the Gates’ Rules May Make Sense for Parents Everywhere

While the parenting choice may seem harsh, the Gates may be onto something with delaying childhood smartphone ownership. According to the 2016 “Kids & Tech: The Evolution of Today’s Digital Natives” report, the average age that a child gets their first smartphone is now 10.3 years.

kids, cell phones, addiction, screen-time, first phones
Representative Image: A child glued to their phone. Canva

“I think that age is going to trend even younger, because parents are getting tired of handing their smartphones to their kids,” Stacy DeBroff, chief executive of Influence Central, told The New York Times.

James P. Steyer, chief executive of Common Sense Media, a nonprofit organization that reviews content and products for families, additionally told the Times that he too has one strict rule for his children when it comes to cellphones: They get one when they start high school and only when they’ve proven they have restraint. “No two kids are the same, and there’s no magic number,” he said. “A kid’s age is not as important as his or her own responsibility or maturity level.”

Questions to Ask Before Handing Over a Smartphone

PBS Parents also provided a list of questions parents should answer before giving their child their first phone. Check out the entire list below:

  • How independent are your kids?
  • Do your children “need” to be in touch for safety or social reasons?
  • How responsible are they?
  • Can they get behind the concept of limits for minutes talked and apps downloaded?
  • Can they be trusted not to text during class, disturb others with their conversations, and to use the text, photo, and video functions responsibly (and not to embarrass or harass others)?
  • Do they really need a smartphone that is also their music device, a portable movie and game player, and portal to the internet?
  • Do they need something that gives their location information to their friends—and maybe some strangers, too—as some of the new apps allow?
  • And do you want to add all the expense of new data plans? (Try keeping your temper when they announce that their new smartphone got dropped in the toilet…)

Today’s kids and smartphones are inseparable, but that’s not all bad

More kids than ever are getting smartphones early, with the average age for a first phone now around 11–12. By 14, over 90% of U.S. kids have one. Since the pandemic, screen time has also surged — tweens now average 5.5 hours of entertainment media daily, while teens hit 8.5.

too early, cell phones, smart phones, screen time, addiction.
Representative Image: One upside to getting children cellphones is how familiar you will become with what the sides and tops of their heads look lik. Canva

But experts say it’s not just about how much time kids spend on screens — it’s how they use them. New research, including a Stanford study, found no clear link between age of first phone and long-term well-being. Some 2024 data even shows that kids with phones feel more socially connected.

That said, heavy social media use still raises concerns about anxiety and sleep. Families are responding with more boundaries — limiting screen time, banning phones at night, and delaying ownership through campaigns like “Wait Until 8th.” The shift now is toward building healthy habits, not avoiding tech entirely.

This article originally appeared 6 years ago.

  • Reading to young kids improves their social skills and a new study shows it doesn’t matter whether parents stop to ask questions
    A father reads a bedtime story to his daughter in 1955.Photo credit: Lambert/Getty Images

    In 2024, 51% of families read aloud to their very young children, while 37% read aloud to their kids between the ages of 6 and 8 years old.

    Some parents have said they stop reading aloud to their school-age children because their kids can read on their own.

    I’m a neuroscientist with four children, and I wondered whether children might be losing more than just the pleasure of listening to books read aloud. In particular, I wondered whether it affected their empathy and creativity.

    A simple idea from the literature

    I have studied and written about empathy and creativity as part of my personal effort to better understand how to be a good parent. I have found that empathy and creativity aren’t talents you’re born with or without. They are skills that respond to practice, just like learning to play piano.

    But my children weren’t being taught either empathy or creativity in elementary school. And the data showed that young people’s empathy and creativity may have dropped over the past few decades.

    Empathy isn’t just about being nice. It’s a superpower that helps children predict behavior and navigate social situations safely. It makes them better at reading faces and emotional cues.

    And creativity is essential for self-control and problem-solving. It’s much easier to regulate your behavior if you can imagine multiple solutions to a problem instead of fixating on the one thing you’re not supposed to do.

    Children, Psychology, Neurology, Literacy, Reading, Creativity, Empathy, Teaching creativity, Bedtime Routine, Play and creativity, Bedtime story, Early literacy, empathy training, readers
    Christy Lam-Julian, a mother in Pinole, Calif., reads to her son in April 2025. Tu00e2m V for The Washington Post via Getty Images

    About 10 years ago, I started making some changes at home to ensure that my children got these skills.

    Setting aside 15 minutes at night was sometimes the only one-on-one time I had with each kid, with bedtimes of 7:30, 7:45, 8:00 and 8:15 p.m. It was precious to me. I wondered whether using conflicts in bedtime stories as teachable moments would help them develop more empathy for others and boost their creativity.

    I wrote in 2016 about how I think my children became more empathetic when we paused at times during a book to ask: “How do you think this character feels?” and “What would you do?”

    But no one had tested this experiment on a broader scale.

    Testing the idea

    Beginning in 2017, four colleagues and I recruited 38 families in central Virginia with children ages 6 to 8, which is an age when kids are navigating social relationships and experiencing intense brain development. All of the children in our study were somewhat independent beginning readers or they could read independently. In our study, caregivers read one storybook nightly for two weeks.

    I chose seven illustrated books: “The Tooth Fairy Wars,” “Library Lion,” “A Letter for Leo,” “Stuck with the Blooz,” “Cub’s Big World,” “Nugget and Fang” and “A New Friend for Marmalade.” There was nothing special about these books except that they all contained some sort of social conflict – and my kids gave them a thumbs-up.

    They were about, among other characters, a polar bear cub who becomes separated from his mother in the snow, and a boy who hid his teeth from the tooth fairy.

    Half the families in our study read a book each night straight through without pausing. The other half paused at one conflict point per story to ask two reflection questions. For example, when the tooth fairy stole the tooth Nathan desperately wanted to keep, they asked, “How would you feel if you were Nathan?” If the child answered, parents just listened. If not, they waited 30 seconds before continuing.

    Before and after two weeks, we tested children’s empathetic ability to understand what others might be thinking and how they are feeling. We also tested creativity using the alternative uses task, which asked kids to generate creative ideas, such as thinking of unusual uses for a paper clip or listing things with wheels.

    A boost in empathy either way

    After just 14 bedtimes with books, we found – as our 2026 research shows – that children whose parents paused for questions got better at understanding others’ perspectives. But so did children whose parents just read straight through.

    We found that what scientists call cognitive and overall empathy improved significantly in both groups between childen’s initial visit and our follow-up visit two weeks after they read the books for a week.

    This may be because it is easier to quickly develop cognitive empathy – meaning when you put yourself in someone else’s shoes – as compared to developing emotional empathy, or feeling what others feel. Emotional empathy involves different brain regions and likely requires longer to change deeply rooted emotional processing patterns.

    A creative approach

    After two weeks of bedtime reading, children in both groups got better at creative thinking. We used a standard creativity test that measures the number and the originality of responses when children were asked to think of uses for everyday objects. For example, if asked about a brick, a common answer would be to build a wall, while a more original response might be to grind it up to make red chalk.

    But the children whose parents paused for questions generated significantly more ideas overall.

    Their responses delighted me: They suggested using a paper clip as wire in a potato clock, to help put on a doll’s shoes, or to simply see what sound it makes hitting the floor.

    We also noticed that the younger kids came up with more original ideas than the older ones. This matches other research showing that creativity may fade as children grow up and they prioritize fitting in with others more than thinking differently.

    What we still need to learn

    Our study had limitations: We did not have a comparison group that did not read at all. And most families had a higher income, with 92% of families earning more than $50,000 per year.

    Future research could address this gap and also investigate whether the benefits we found persist past two weeks – and whether they translate into real-world kindness.

    But importantly, we found no gender differences in our study. The practice works equally well for boys and girls. And even though the majority of our families said they already read regularly to their children, this practice still worked to boost empathy and creativity.

    Children, Psychology, Neurology, Literacy, Reading, Creativity, Empathy, Teaching creativity, Bedtime Routine, Play and creativity, Bedtime story, Early literacy, empathy training, readers
    Children who read bedtime stories with their parents are likely to benefit from a boost in creativity u2013 especially if they consider questions about the books. Anastasiia Krivenok/Getty Images

    Bedtime stories are about more than routine

    As a neuroscientist, I know the elementary school years are a particularly powerful window when children experience intense formation of new brain connections.

    These 15 minutes of reading aren’t just about preparing kids to sleep or teaching them to decode words. They’re building neural pathways for understanding others and imagining possibilities. With repeated practice, these connections strengthen, just like practicing piano.

    In a world designed to pull families toward screens, bedtime reading remains a refuge where parent and child share the same imaginative space.

    But the pressure’s off for parents: You don’t have to read in any special way. Just read.

    This article originally appeared on The Conversation. You can read it here.

  • Child experts reveal five phrases that never work on kids and five that really do
    A little girl being scolded by her fatherPhoto credit: Canva
    ,

    Child experts reveal five phrases that never work on kids and five that really do

    Swapping out common parenting clichés for these expert-approved alternatives can transform your home environment.

    Parenting is arguably the most challenging job in the world, particularly on those days when it feels like your children simply aren’t listening. It is easy for frustration to boil over, leading to a cycle of repetitive arguments that leave both parents and children feeling exhausted.

    If this sounds like what’s happening between you and your child, maybe it’s because you’re saying an ineffective phrase or two. On top of that, you might be missing out on some “magic” phrases that help better communicate and connect with your child.

    Luckily, child psychologists have found five of the least effective yet common phrases parents use on their kids and offer some quality alternatives that work. There are also five phrases provided by child psychologists that parents can use to help their children and strengthen their relationships. Let’s get started.

    Least effective: “How many times do I have to tell you?”

    More effective: “I’ve asked about this many times now, what is making this hard for you?”

    Saying “How many times do I have to tell you?” just showcases your frustration and implies to the child that they’re intentionally defiant when they could be missing the mark because they’re confused or there’s a disconnect rather than intentional incompetence. The more effective phrasing allows you to figure out where the problem is rather than peg the child themselves as the problem.

    Least effective: “You know better than that.”

    More effective: “I know you can do this, let’s figure out what the trouble is.”

    “You know better than that” is more confrontational and makes the child worry more about punishment rather than getting the result you ultimately want. The alternate phrasing allows your child to solve the issue as a team and reinforces the idea that you’re there to help them.

    @somocomlab

    A lot of people asked for a part 2 to the 10 phrases you shouldn’t say to your kids video, so here it is! 10 positive phrases you can use to empower your kids, strengthen your relationship, and model positive emotion regulation so they can learn how to not lose it when things don’t go their way. #gentleparenting #childdevelopment #parenthood #mentalhealth #familyfirst #childrensmentalhealth #traumaresources #connection #relationship #positiveparenting #consciousparenting #respectfulparenting

    ♬ original sound – Somocom Lab


    Least effective: “If you don’t ____, I’ll take away ____.”

    More effective: “When you’re ready to ____, we can do ____.”

    This type of phrasing just puts the child into a defensive mode and feels like picking a fight over power dynamics rather than just getting them to put their toys away, get ready for bed, etc. The alternative option allows you to keep the boundary you’ve set while allowing your child to have a feeling of agency.

    Least effective: “Stop crying, you’re fine.”

    More effective: “Tell me what is happening that is making you this upset.”

    Telling a child to just stop feeling an emotion doesn’t help in two ways. One, it tells the child that their feelings are wrong or too much for themselves or others to handle. Two, it tells them that you’re not a person that is concerned about their feelings and it limits their ability to trust you. Getting your child to share why they’re feeling in such big ways will calm them down faster, allow you to alleviate their fears or concerns, and grow trust between you.

    Least effective: “Because I said so.”

    More effective: “I know you don’t like this, but let me explain and then we’ll move on.”

    Be honest, has that phrase ever worked without you feeling resentment toward your parents? “Because I said so” just shuts down any communication, telling your child that blind obedience is expected and closes them off from feeling understood or heard. The alternative phrase lets them know that their feelings are heard and that you’ll make attempts at mutual understanding, but that the subject itself isn’t open for debate or negotiation.

    With all of those alternatives given, there are some phrases the child psychologists recommend parents say often in order to strengthen bonds with their children to the point that they’ll likely make life as a parent much easier for you and them. Here are a few of them:

    Most effective: “How can I help you ____?”

    Being a parent means reminding your child that you’re there to guide them when they need you. Offering to help isn’t the same as offering to “rescue” them or to do something for them instead, but to provide that guidance and assistance. “How can I help you clean up?”, “How can I help you understand this math problem?,” “How can I help you remember to feed the dog?,” and other such phrasing puts the responsibility and ability on them while allowing them room to learn how to accomplish the tasks should they require it.

    Most effective: “What I know is…”

    Even the best kids are mistaken or, frankly, lie. But calling them out on their mistakes or lies could lead to tantrums and arguments that don’t really get you anywhere. Instead, pointing out the facts of the situation (“What I know is that there were five cookies before I left you with them and now there are only two…”) spells out the facts at hand without accusation and leaves your child to either admit their mistakes or to point out information that you might not know. In either case, the truth will reveal itself.

    @the.family.coach

    A parents words are powerful. We can use our words to build into break. To mold. To encourage. To build esteem and identity. Self-worth courage. Bravery. Grit. Kindness. As we all know, our kids can sometimes bring out the worst in us. We can say horrible things sometimes. But we can also say beautiful things. Things that will change the way that they see themselves, and see the world. If you are struggling with your parenting, your emotions, or what comes out of your mouth. Or if you have a really challenging kid that you cannot seem to get through to… I can help. I’ve been helping parents like you for over two decades. Go to my website and read more about my parent coaching and book a free call with me.

    ♬ Summer day – TimTaj

    Most effective: “I understand why you’re angry/sad about this, what can we do now?”

    Emotions can be difficult for even adults to manage, so it’s beneficial to help your child manage theirs and teach them some healthy ways to express them while they’re young. Saying that you understand reminds the child that their feelings are valid and normal, and asking what you two can do offers both agency to the child and reminds them that you’re there to help them as a team.

    Most effective: “I’m sorry, I made a mistake.”

    Apologizing and owning up if you make an error or lose your temper can be huge for a child. It reinforces the fact that they’re people deserving of respect and that they too should apologize when they’re in the wrong. It also builds trust that you will give them similar grace if they share that they made a mistake and apologize for it, rather than hide it or try to cover it up to prevent themselves from getting into further trouble.

    Most effective: “Thank you for ____.”

    “Thank you for putting your toys away without me asking.” “Thank you for being nice and playing with your baby brother.” “Thank you for listening to me.” It feels good to be thanked regardless of age, and it lets your child know that their actions are seen, appreciated, and matter. This encourages good behavior and lets them know that what they are doing is making a difference.

    Communication is key in any relationship, but without practice, it can easily break down between parent and child given children’s overall inexperience in life. However, with the right mindset and words used by the adults in their lives, children can grow and learn in a healthy environment while also being less of a headache for their parents who just want what’s best for them. With proper communication they can really grow in amazing ways, and they may even learn to not leave their shoes at the bottom of the stairs for the 112th time.

    This article originally appeared last year.

  • Chinese study says early maternal touch may encourage social behavior and empathy in teenagers
    Left: Two young women stock a food donation box. Right: A mother holds her baby. Photo credit: Canva

    According to parents and physicians alike, physical touch and contact with infants and toddlers provide important benefits for both the mind and body. Even without scientific evidence, cuddle time, hugs, and other forms of physical affection between mother and child simply feel good. That said, a study in China suggests that maternal touch during those early years may benefit children well into their teenage years.

    The study, authored by Kuo Zhang and Jinlong Su, examined whether there were links between early childhood maternal touch and prosocial behavior later in life. In the study, maternal touch was defined as physical contact initiated by the mother toward her child, including cuddling, skin-to-skin contact, holding, and gentle stroking.

    Because previous studies had already shown that maternal touch can influence an infant’s cognitive, physical, emotional, and social development, the study’s authors wanted to explore whether its benefits extended beyond early childhood. They hypothesized that because maternal touch supports early attachment formation and fosters positive relational experiences so early in life, it could later impact a person’s capacity for empathy, social connection, and emotional regulation.

    The researchers studied 572 students aged 12 to 16 from a public junior high school, with approximately 50 percent of participants being boys and 61 percent coming from rural areas. This age group was chosen because adolescence is a key period for the development of prosocial behaviors such as cooperation, sharing, helping, and showing empathy toward others.

    Students completed assessments measuring their early experiences with maternal touch, prosocial behavior, empathetic concern, and mother-child affective attachment. The results showed that teens who reported frequent maternal touch in early childhood—such as being held, having their hands held, or being patted to sleep—demonstrated higher levels of empathy, greater willingness to cooperate and socialize, and lower levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance compared with peers who did not report early maternal touch experiences.

    In short, teens who experienced more physical affection from their mothers as babies tended to be more caring, helpful, and socially stable than their classmates. While further studies are needed, especially ones that do not rely on a person’s subjective experiences and ability to recall past memories, these initial findings could reinforce affectionate parenting practices for long-term benefits alongside immediate ones.

    “Our findings provided an initial empirical support for the touch-scaffolded prosociality model and suggested the importance of tactile interactions between mothers and children in daily parenting practice,” the study’s authors wrote.

    @fryrsquared

    ?Your feel good research of the day: Gentle as a mother’s touch: C-tactile touch promotes autonomic regulation in preterm infants by I Püschel, J Reichert, Y Friedrich, J Bergander, K Weidner, I Croy (2022)

    ♬ original sound – Hannah Fry

    This research pairs nicely with several other studies suggesting that touch benefits both children and adults physically and mentally. The feel-good endorphins and immune system boosts associated with human touch can do you good, whether it’s affection from your mother, a kiss from your sweetie, or an appointment with your massage therapist. With that in mind, give your little one, your partner, or a friend an extra hug today. It won’t just boost them, it’ll boost you, too.

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