We all know that HIV leads to AIDS. For the last 25 years, however, there’s been some controversy over who exactly figured that out. The awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine yesterday may settle that feud.In May 1983, French researchers Luc Montagnier and Francoise Barre-Sinoussi of Paris’ Pasteur Institute published their discovery of a virus called lymphodenopathy associated virus (LAV) and its link to AIDS. Nearly a year later, National Cancer Institute researcher Robert Gallo isolated a virus he called human T-cell leukemia virus III (HTLV-III), which he said led to AIDS.The two viruses were the same: the virus now known as HIV. (Turns out, Gallo’s lab received samples of the French virus, mistakenly used it in their own experiments and made a parallel discovery.) What followed was the usual contention over who got credit … and more importantly which country would get the cash-money from the test developed to diagnose HIV infection in 1986.The official decision up until now was to call it a tie-as agreed to by President Ronald Reagan and French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac.The Nobel committee disagreed, giving half of the medicine prize to Montagnier and Barre-Sinoussi. (German cancer researcher Harald zur Hausen took the other half for his 1976 discovery that human papilloma virus causes cervical cancer.) Gallo got nada. Montagnier said Gallo “deserved this as much as us two.” Gallo released a statement thanking Montagnier for his “kind” words.In related news, the physics prize was awarded to Yoichiro Nambu of the University of Chicago and Japanese scientists Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa today for their work on “broken symmetry,” which may help explain how the universe survived after the Big Bang-or something else that will make the Large Hadron Collider useful.
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Man’s dog suddenly becomes protective of his wife, Internet clocks the reason right away
The online community came through in a big way.
Reddit user Girlfriendhatesmefor’s three-year-old pitbull, Otis, had recently become overprotective of his wife. So he asked the online community if they knew what might be wrong with the dog.
“A week or two ago, my wife got some sort of stomach bug,” the Reddit user wrote under the subreddit /r/dogs. “She was really nauseous and ill for about a week. Otis is very in tune with her emotions (we once got in a fight and she was upset, I swear he was staring daggers at me lol) and during this time didn’t even want to leave her to go on walks. We thought it was adorable!”
His wife soon felt better, butthe dog’s behavior didn’t change.
Otis knew before they did. Canva Girlfriendhatesmefor began to fear that Otis’ behavior may be an early sign of an aggression issue or an indication that the dog was hurt or sick.
So he threw a question out to fellow Reddit users: “Has anyone else’s dog suddenly developed attachment/aggression issues? Any and all advice appreciated, even if it’s that we’re being paranoid!”
The most popular response to his thread was by ZZBC.
Any chance your wife is pregnant?
ZZBC | Reddit
The potential news hit Girlfriendhatesmefor like a ton of bricks. A few days later, Girlfriendhatesmefor posted an update and ZZBC was right!
“The wifey is pregnant!” the father-to-be wrote. “Otis is still being overprotective but it all makes sense now! Thanks for all the advice and kind words! Sorry for the delayed reply, I didn’t check back until just now!”
Redditors responded with similar experiences.
Anecdotal I know but I swear my dog knew I was pregnant before I was. He was super clingy (more than normal) and was always resting his head on my belly.
realityisworse | Reddit
So why do dogs get overprotective when someone is pregnant?
Jeff Werber, PhD, president and chief veterinarian of the Century Veterinary Group in Los Angeles, told Health.com that “dogs can also smell the hormonal changes going on in a woman’s body at that time.” He added the dog may “not understand that this new scent of your skin and breath is caused by a developing baby, but they will know that something is different with you—which might cause them to be more curious or attentive.”
The big lesson here is to listen to your pets and to ask questions when their behavior abruptly changes. They may be trying to tell you something, and the news may be life-changing.
This article originally appeared last year.
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14 images of badass women who destroyed stereotypes and inspired future generations
These trailblazers redefined what a woman could be.
Throughout history, women have stood up and fought to break down barriers imposed on them from stereotypes and societal expectations. The trailblazers in these photos made history and redefined what a woman could be. In doing so, they paved the way for future generations to stand up and continue to fight for equality.
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Why mass shootings spawn conspiracy theories
Mass shootings and conspiracy theories have a long history.
While conspiracy theories are not limited to any topic, there is one type of event that seems particularly likely to spark them: mass shootings, typically defined as attacks in which a shooter kills at least four other people.
When one person kills many others in a single incident, particularly when it seems random, people naturally seek out answers for why the tragedy happened. After all, if a mass shooting is random, anyone can be a target.
Pointing to some nefarious plan by a powerful group – such as the government – can be more comforting than the idea that the attack was the result of a disturbed or mentally ill individual who obtained a firearm legally.
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