Unlike Lot’s wife, we’re allowed to look back. Here’s what happened this week. Oscars were recapped. Britain got Orwellianly invasive. McCain may or may not have gotten swiftboated.Desiree Palmen blended in. Many Presidents were left-handed. William Buckley said good-bye.We counted our bills. And we spent some time at TED. A lot of time.Leap Day is almost over, folks. If you’re in Los Angeles tomorrow, you should meet us at Youth Noise’s LA Summit. We’ll be there all day (and all night).
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Social media before bedtime wreaks havoc on our sleep − a sleep researcher explains why screens alone aren’t the main culprit
Nighttime scrolling keeps the brain wired.
“Avoid screens before bed” is one of the most common pieces of sleep advice. But what if the real problem isn’t screen time − it’s the way we use social media at night?
Sleep deprivation is one of the most widespread yet overlooked public health issues, especially among young adults and adolescents.
Despite needing eight to 10 hours of sleep, most adolescents fall short, while nearly two-thirds of young adults regularly get less than the recommended seven to nine hours.
Poor sleep isn’t just about feeling tired − it’s linked to worsened mental health, emotion regulation, memory, academic performance and even increased risk for chronic illness and early mortality.
At the same time, social media is nearly universal among young adults, with 84% using at least one platform daily. While research has long focused on screen time as the culprit for poor sleep, growing evidence suggests that how often people check social media − and how emotionally engaged they are − matters even more than how long they spend online.
As a social psychologist and sleep researcher, I study how social behaviors, including social media habits, affect sleep and well-being. Sleep isn’t just an individual behavior; it’s shaped by our social environments and relationships.
And one of the most common yet underestimated factors shaping modern sleep? How we engage with social media before bed.
Emotional investment in social media
Beyond simply measuring time spent on social media, researchers have started looking at how emotionally connected people feel to their social media use.
Some studies suggest that the way people emotionally engage with social media may have a greater impact on sleep quality than the total time they spend online.
In a 2024 study of 830 young adults, my colleagues and I examined how different types of social media engagement predicted sleep problems. We found that frequent social media visits and emotional investment were stronger predictors of poor sleep than total screen time. Additionally, presleep cognitive arousal and social comparison played a key role in linking social media engagement to sleep disruption, suggesting that social media’s effects on sleep extend beyond simple screen exposure.
I believe these findings suggest that cutting screen time alone may not be enough − reducing how often people check social media and how emotionally connected they feel to it may be more effective in promoting healthier sleep habits.
How social media disrupts sleep
If you’ve ever struggled to fall asleep after scrolling through social media, it’s not just the screen keeping you awake. While blue light can delay melatonin production, my team’s research and that of others suggests that the way people interact with social media may play an even bigger role in sleep disruption.
Here are some of the biggest ways social media interferes with your sleep:
- Presleep arousal: Doomscrolling and emotionally charged content on social media keeps your brain in a state of heightened alertness, making it harder to relax and fall asleep. Whether it’s political debates, distressing news or even exciting personal updates, emotionally stimulating content can trigger increased cognitive and physiological arousal that delays sleep onset.
- Social comparison: Viewing idealized social media posts before bed can lead to upward social comparison, increasing stress and making it harder to sleep. People tend to compare themselves to highly curated versions of others’ lives − vacations, fitness progress, career milestones − which can lead to feelings of inadequacy and anxiety that disrupt sleep.
- Habitual checking: Social media use after lights out is a strong predictor of poor sleep, as checking notifications and scrolling before bed can quickly become an automatic habit. Studies have shown that nighttime-specific social media use, especially after lights are out, is linked to shorter sleep duration, later bedtimes and lower sleep quality. This pattern reflects bedtime procrastination, where people delay sleep despite knowing it would be better for their health and well-being.
- Fear of missing out, or FOMO: The urge to stay connected also keeps many people scrolling long past their intended bedtime, making sleep feel secondary to staying updated. Research shows that higher FOMO levels are linked to more frequent nighttime social media use and poorer sleep quality. The anticipation of new messages, posts or updates can create a sense of social pressure to stay online and reinforce the habit of delaying sleep.
Taken together, these factors make social media more than just a passive distraction − it becomes an active barrier to restful sleep. In other words, that late-night scroll isn’t harmless − it’s quietly rewiring your sleep and well-being.
How to use social media without sleep disruption
You don’t need to quit social media, but restructuring how you engage with it at night could help. Research suggests that small behavioral changes to your bedtime routine can make a significant difference in sleep quality. I suggest trying these practical, evidence-backed strategies for improving your sleep:
- Give your brain time to wind down: Avoid emotionally charged content 30 to 60 minutes before bed to help your mind relax and prepare for sleep.
- Create separation between social media and sleep: Set your phone to “Do Not Disturb” or leave it outside the bedroom to avoid the temptation of late-night checking.
- Reduce mindless scrolling: If you catch yourself endlessly refreshing, take a small, mindful pause and ask yourself: “Do I actually want to be on this app right now?”
A brief moment of awareness can help break the habit loop.
This article originally appeared on The Conversation. You can read it here.
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It’s more than OK for kids to be bored − it’s good for them
Downtime can help children grow.
Boredom is a common part of life, across time and around the world. That’s because boredom serves a useful purpose: It motivates people to pursue new goals and challenges.
I’m a professor who studies communication and culture. I am currently writing a book about modern parenting, and I’ve noticed that many parents try to help their kids avoid boredom. They might see it as a negative emotion that they don’t want their children to experience. Or they might steer them into doing something that they see as more productive.
There are various reasons they want to prevent their children from being bored. Many parents are busy with work. They’re stressed about money, child care responsibilities and managing other parts of daily life. Making sure a child is occupied with a game, a TV show or an arts and crafts project at home can help parents work uninterrupted, or make dinner, without their children complaining that they are bored.
Parents may also feel pressure for their children to succeed, whether that means getting admitted to a selective school, or becoming a good athlete or an accomplished musician.
Children also spend less time playing freely outside and more time participating in structured activities than they did a few decades ago.
Easy access to screens has made it possible to avoid boredom more than ever before.
Many parents needed to put their children in front of screens throughout the pandemic to keep them occupied during work hours. More recently, some parents have reported feeling social pressure to use screens to keep children quiet in public spaces.
That is to say, there are various reasons why parents shy away from their kids being bored. But before striving to eliminate boredom completely, it’s important to know the benefits of boredom.
Even very young children could benefit from experiencing boredom in short spurts. Oscar Wong/Moment via Getty Images Benefits of boredom
Although boredom feels bad to experience in the moment, it offers real benefits for personal growth.
Boredom is a signal that a change is needed, whether it be a change in scenery, activity or company. Psychologists have found that the experience of boredom can lead to discovering new goals and trying new activities.
Harvard public and nonprofit leadership professor Arthur Brooks has found that boredom is necessary for reflection. Downtime leaves room to ask the big questions in life and find meaning.
Children who are rarely bored could become adults who cannot cope with boredom. Boredom also offers a brain boost that can cultivate a child’s innate curiosity and creativity.
Learning to manage boredom and other negative emotions is an important life skill. When children manage their own time, it can help them develop executive function, which includes the ability to set goals and make plans.
The benefits of boredom make sense from an evolutionary perspective. Boredom is extremely common. It affects all ages, genders and cultures, and teens are especially prone to boredom. Natural selection favors traits that offer a leg up, so it is unlikely that boredom would be so prevalent if it did not deliver some advantages.
Parents should be wary of treating boredom as a problem they must solve for their children. Psychologists have found that college students with overly involved parents suffer from more depression.
Other research shows that young children who were given screens to help them calm down were less equipped to regulate their emotions as they got older.
Boredom is uncomfortable
Tolerating boredom is a skill that many children resist learning or do not have the opportunity to develop. Even many adults would rather shock themselves with electricity than experience boredom.
It takes practice to learn how to handle boredom. Start with small doses of boredom and work up to longer stretches of unstructured time. Tips for parents include getting kids outside, suggesting a new game or recipe, or simply resting. Creating space for boredom means that there will be some stretches of time when nothing in particular is happening.
Younger children might need ideas for what they could do when bored. Parents do not need to play with them every time they are bored, but offering suggestions is helpful. Even five minutes of boredom is a good start for the youngest children.
Encouraging older children to solve the problem of boredom themselves is especially empowering. Let them know that boredom is a normal part of life even though it might feel unpleasant.
It gets easier
Children are adaptable.
As children get used to occasional boredom, it will take them longer to become bored in the future. People find life less boring once they regularly experience boredom.
Letting go of the obligation to keep children entertained could also help parents feel less stressed. Approximately 41% of parents in the U.S. said they “are so stressed they cannot function,” and 48% reported that “most days their stress is completely overwhelming,” according to a report from the U.S. surgeon general in 2024.
So the next time a kid complains, “I’m bored!” don’t feel guilty or frustrated. Boredom is a healthy part of life. It prompts us to be self-directed, find new hobbies and take on new challenges.
Let children know that a little boredom isn’t just OK – in fact, it’s good for them.
This article originally appeared on The Conversation. You can read it here.
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6 phrases to use to tactfully disagree with your boss and not jeopardize your job
Tell your boss “no” without saying it.
When your boss tells you to do a task that won’t work or is just a bad idea, it can create an awkward situation. Due to the power dynamic, you don’t want to get yourself fired by telling them “no” or that their idea won’t work. Egos can be on the line, leading to serious tension. It may sound impossible, then, to ever give a superior sound feedback, but that’s far from the truth.
In fact, there are some tactful ways to disagree and even just say “no” to your superior without even using those words. You don’t have to say, “You’re wrong,” “That’s a bad idea,” or anything really negative at all.
Here are some phrasings and reframings to use when you’re in a tight spot and need to disagree with your boss or their plan. In fact, they might respect you more after you’ve used them.
“Are you open to another perspective?”
Leading with this question is a way to ask permission to push back without actually asking for permission. Directly asking for permission to push back not only makes it awkward but could make you appear intimidated when you’re not.
Asking if your manager is open to other perspectives allows them to know that you’re approaching this with curiosity and the company’s goals in mind. It’s not shutting down their ideas or looking out for yourself. It is a great opportunity to start a dialogue.
It’s also a safe way to test the waters to see if it is the right time to offer your opinion. If your boss declines, whether to schedule a time to further discuss or not, you’ll know how they feel about the issue.
“I want to make sure I’m understanding this correctly, can you tell me a bit more?”
“’Can you help me understand the goal here?’ is a powerful phrase to have in your back pocket,” tech career coach Dr. Kyle Elliott shares with GOOD. “It buys you more time, indicates genuine curiosity, and often prompts your manager to think through the idea more carefully on their own, instead of putting the burden on you. Often, they’ll talk themselves into the problem before you have to point it out, which is a major win.”
“I agree with your point. The challenge I see is…”
Finding common ground is key in finding a resolution within a disagreement. This type of phrase allows you to start off on a friendly note. It shows that while you may not agree with your superior’s approach, you do agree with the overall goal or desire. With this framing, your boss will likely be more open since you’re addressing the problems and not their idea.
“You know, we tried that at another company and here’s what we found…”
HR Director and founder of HRStudyPro.com Kevin Byford shared a great point with GOOD: If you know your manager’s idea won’t work because of your past experience, bring that up.
Byford suggests framing it this way:
“You know, we actually tried that at (name of other company) when I worked there, and what we found was (reason why the suggestion/method that your boss proposed didn’t work). I had the same thought you did when we were implementing that, but what ended up working was (insert your counter-suggestion/proposal).”
“This accomplishes a few things,” said Byford. “First, you are not simply speculating that they are wrong; you are telling them about a legitimate outcome you experienced first-hand. More importantly, you are signaling that, at one point in time, you actually agreed with them, until proven wrong.”
“This changes the narrative from ‘My gut is telling me you’re wrong”’to ‘Let me save you the trouble I went through when I tried that same idea.’”
“If we pursue this idea, it would probably require some trade-offs. Is this idea worth it?”
Dr. Larry Schooler, professor of communication studies at the University of Texas at Austin, told GOOD that if a manager is really sold on their idea, it might be best to present the other factors or needs. This is because they may not be aware of the scope of what they are requesting.
“If the manager is really intent on pursuing that one idea, the employee can say, ‘From my perspective, if we pursue this, it would probably require these tradeoffs (pull people off other projects, delays to other projects, cut funding to other projects, etc.) Is that a tradeoff you think is worth making to get this done?’” said Dr. Schooler. “That can provoke a meaningful conversation to figure out how much of a priority this one idea is.”
“I’m currently focused on (name of current project). Can we discuss how this new idea should be prioritized?”
If your boss still believes in their idea or suggestion while you’re working on a different project, this phrasing could help in different ways. It reminds your boss what you are working on and allows them to weigh the importance of it versus what they’re requesting.
The end result will likely benefit you in some fashion. Your boss might see the current task as a priority and leave you to it without pursuing their new one. Or, they will remove the current task and put you to work on their idea. In either situation, you won’t be having additional work piled onto you no matter if their idea succeeds or fails.
If, for some reason, your boss piles both tasks onto you, you may have to request further one-on-one time to discuss trade-offs and their expectations again.
While every boss and manager is different, you’ll generally be able to earn their respect while pushing back if the focus is on finding solutions together with positive, active framing.
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