I met with a high school teacher last night who had just received a text message from one of his students.It read: “I came up with this idea that we should have something to give the people from haitin. For example money cloths and other stuff.”The teacher reported that even in the communities in New York City where resources are scarce to begin with-he teaches in the South Bronx-students are doing all that they can do to try and help Haiti‘s earthquake survivors.Canned food and clothing drives, even going so far as to fine students that are dressed out of uniform-with all proceeds going to benefit Haitians-are among the creative ideas being employed.And this afternoon, according to The New York Times, city schools will again allow bake sales, which had been previously banned to limit sugar and fat. A full list of what New York City schools can (read-a-thons, ticket-selling events) and cannot (bingo, raffle tickets) allow is here.With U.S. texting efforts having aised $10 million, Alexander Russo over at This Week In Education, has an interesting post that manages to somehow combine bake sales and technology-namely, whether “cellphone microdonations might change the face of education giving in the future.”Before the earthquake ever struck Port-au-Prince, the United States Institute of Peace chronicled a dire situation for Haitian schoolchildren, where three in five children attend school and once they do, learn in classrooms with up to 80 students.I can’t help but wonder if after the public attention fades, some of Haiti’s infrastrucure will be made anew. Kind of how in post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans, the education reform world glimpsed a rare opportunity and refused to let go.For now, our attention is fixated on the survivors and on the missing.Photo via
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New Russian research suggests that the human lifespan could be up to 156 years
Humans can live much longer if certain barriers are addressed.
According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the oldest person lived to the ripe age of 122 years old. Such a lifespan is an incredible feat, but what if the average person could beat that record by 34 years? Recent research done in Russia has led scientists to believe that the average human lifespan could be up to 156 years.
The researchers at Skoltech Biomed Technologies Center developed a mathematical model that allowed them to “switch on” a variety of aging mechanisms. This allowed them to calculate a human’s lifespan where mortality risk never increased with age. After experimenting with different scenarios and conditions, they found the biggest barriers to longevity were caused by non-renewable tissues and somatic mutations.
What are these barriers against longer life?
Somatic mutations are DNA changes within a cell. They accumulate over time during a human’s life and cannot be reversed with any existing therapy. These DNA errors that pile up in our cells contribute to the aging process.
Many human organs like the liver and skin continually replace cells and regrow damaged portions of themselves. However, there are two organs that can’t do this: the brain and the heart. Brain tissue (neurons) and heart tissue (cardiomyocytes) cannot regenerate. This proves to be the most prominent biological limit that shortens our lifespans. This explains why issues like dementia and heart disease are prominent causes of death and morbidity later in life. Since those organs’ tissues don’t replace damaged cells, they’re prone to irrevocably decline over time.
“The key finding of the study is the discovery of substantial differences between tissue types. Neurons and cardiomyocytes, which lack the ability to divide, turned out to be the main limiting factors: when all other causes of aging are eliminated, somatic mutations alone reduce the theoretical median lifespan from 1,759 years (for a hypothetical non-aging human organism) to 156 years,” said Evgeny Efimov, a research intern at the Skoltech Biomed Technologies Center, researcher at AIRI, and one of the key authors of the study.
This suggests that somatic mutations and DNA damage is what ultimately prevents humans from living indefinitely, even if our brains and hearts regenerated cells like other organs.
So what’s next?
Now knowing these biological limitations, the researchers hope to study other areas of aging impacting the human lifespan that could plausibly be reversed. This includes mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere shortening, epigenetic drift, and loss of proteostasis.
The hope is to have a clearer priority list of issues for future therapies to tackle. This is not just to possibly extend life, but to improve lives in general. By developing a fully comprehensive theory of aging, Skoltech hopes to pinpoint which aspects of aging are within our scope to address. After all, thoroughly studying each puzzle piece that makes up human life gives us a better understanding of the whole.
Of course, other impactful factors in a person’s lifespan can be addressed today. As most know, things like diet, sleep, and exercise are among them. A person’s living environment can also negatively impact their lifespan if it doesn’t have clean air, access to clean water, and so on.
For now, the best method for living long is to follow instructions from your physician. Whether you make it to 156 years or not, living well is best for whatever time you’re given.
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