Are you a foamer? A railfan? An Amtrak pass-holding, trivia-spouting train geek? Are you the kind of person who delights in the very thought of luxurious sleeper cars? Do you find yourself hypnotized by the rhythmic chug of a diesel engine?

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Trains have always inspired a special (and occasionally maniacal) fascination for a certain set of people. The term “foamer” dates back to the days when the big railroads were serving the logging industry. Pollutants from the timber mills mixed with the water from California’s Feather River, and, as a result, the shores were lined with foam along Western Pacific’s scenic route from Utah to the Golden State. But that didn’t stop enthusiasts from wading in thigh-deep to get better views of the passing trains. And that’s why, to this day, train lovers are called foamers. (Not because, as some people think, they have a tendency to foam at the mouth at the sight of trains.)

In the past, “foamer” has been used as a somewhat derogatory term, but we’re taking it back—it’s time to tell the world, “I’m a foamer, and I’m all right.” Do you have what it takes to be called a foamer? Take our quiz and find out:

1. What is the most widely ridden Amtrak route in the United States?

A. Northeast Regional

B. Acela

C. Hiawatha

D. California Zephyr

2. In what would later become Utah, the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads were finally joined in 1869, completing the American Transcontinental Railroad. What ceremonial item was used to mark the occasion?

A. A replica of the two trains carved in ivory

B. A golden railroad spike

C. The Presidential train car

D. A silver shovel

3. What are the nicknames given to London’s subway system and Chicago’s elevated trains?

A. “The Underground” and “The Metro”

B. “The Metro” and “The Loop”

C. “The Subway” and “Muni”

D. “The Tube” “and the “L”

4. Detroit has a three-mile elevated monorail system. What is it called?

A. The People Mover

B. The Rapid

C. The Blue Line

D. M1 Rail

5. In which of these cities can you take a train directly into the airport?

A. New York

B. Los Angeles

C. Dallas

D. Indianapolis

6. The fastest passenger train in the world operates in

A. France

B. China

C. Singapore

D. United Arab Emirates

7. The first railroad open to the public in the U.S. was the

A. Baltimore and Ohio (B&O)

B. South Carolina & Canal

C. Columbia Railroad of Pennsylvania

D. Boston and Lowell

Answer Key:

1. A – The Northwest Regional

This route, serving, “the BosWash Megalopolis,” served more than eight million passengers and grossed more than half a billion dollars in 2012. Considered “higher-speed” rail, it maxes out at 125 miles per hour.

2. B – A golden railroad spike

The completion of the railroad shortened what was a six-month trip from New York to California into a manageable two-week journey. Around the country, people celebrated: America’s “Manifest Destiny” had been realized.

3. D – “The Tube” and “the L”

The London Underground is known colloquially as “The Tube.” Chicago’s elevated rail system is known as the “L” and it converges at the core of the city known as “The Loop.”

4. A – The People Mover

Detroit’s “People Mover” was built in the late 1980s. Despite its catchy name, it only attracts about 5,000 riders a day. However, Detroit recently began construction on a second rail line, the three-mile “M1” system down Woodward Avenue that will connect to the People Mover, perhaps uniting it into a more functional, and hopefully popular, system.

5. C – Dallas

Dallas opened light rail service to its international airport this past August. The Big D’s DART transit system now has 90 miles of light rail, more than any other city in the country.

6. B – China

China’s Shangai Maglev Train maxes out at 267 miles per hour and averages 156 miles per hour. Japan, meanwhile, has been testing a train that will run at speeds up to 310 miles per hour.

7. A – Baltimore and Ohio (B&O)

The B&O railroad opened its first 13 miles of track in 1830. By 1874 it stretched more than 800 miles to Chicago. Many of the lines are now owned by CSX Transportation.

6-7 correct – Bonafide foamer

4-5 – Railway aficionado

2-3 – Not even a train buff

0-1 – Do you even train?

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  • Man’s dog suddenly becomes protective of his wife, Internet clocks the reason right away
    Dogs have impressive observational powers.Photo credit: Canva

    Reddit user Girlfriendhatesmefor’s three-year-old pitbull, Otis, had recently become overprotective of his wife. So he asked the online community if they knew what might be wrong with the dog.

    “A week or two ago, my wife got some sort of stomach bug,” the Reddit user wrote under the subreddit /r/dogs. “She was really nauseous and ill for about a week. Otis is very in tune with her emotions (we once got in a fight and she was upset, I swear he was staring daggers at me lol) and during this time didn’t even want to leave her to go on walks. We thought it was adorable!”

    His wife soon felt better, butthe dog’s behavior didn’t change.

    pregnancy signs, dogs and pregnancy, pitbull behavior, pet intuition, dog overprotection, Reddit stories, viral Reddit, dog instincts, canine emotions, dog owner tips
    Otis knew before they did. Canva

    Girlfriendhatesmefor began to fear that Otis’ behavior may be an early sign of an aggression issue or an indication that the dog was hurt or sick.

    So he threw a question out to fellow Reddit users: “Has anyone else’s dog suddenly developed attachment/aggression issues? Any and all advice appreciated, even if it’s that we’re being paranoid!”

    The most popular response to his thread was by ZZBC.

    Any chance your wife is pregnant?

    ZZBC | Reddit

    The potential news hit Girlfriendhatesmefor like a ton of bricks. A few days later, Girlfriendhatesmefor posted an update and ZZBC was right!

    “The wifey is pregnant!” the father-to-be wrote. “Otis is still being overprotective but it all makes sense now! Thanks for all the advice and kind words! Sorry for the delayed reply, I didn’t check back until just now!”

    Redditors responded with similar experiences.

    Anecdotal I know but I swear my dog knew I was pregnant before I was. He was super clingy (more than normal) and was always resting his head on my belly.

    realityisworse | Reddit

    So why do dogs get overprotective when someone is pregnant?

    Jeff Werber, PhD, president and chief veterinarian of the Century Veterinary Group in Los Angeles, told Health.com that “dogs can also smell the hormonal changes going on in a woman’s body at that time.” He added the dog may “not understand that this new scent of your skin and breath is caused by a developing baby, but they will know that something is different with you—which might cause them to be more curious or attentive.”

    The big lesson here is to listen to your pets and to ask questions when their behavior abruptly changes. They may be trying to tell you something, and the news may be life-changing.

    This article originally appeared last year.

  • Throughout history, women have stood up and fought to break down barriers imposed on them from stereotypes and societal expectations. The trailblazers in these photos made history and redefined what a woman could be. In doing so, they paved the way for future generations to stand up and continue to fight for equality.

  • ,

    Why mass shootings spawn conspiracy theories

    Mass shootings and conspiracy theories have a long history.

    While conspiracy theories are not limited to any topic, there is one type of event that seems particularly likely to spark them: mass shootings, typically defined as attacks in which a shooter kills at least four other people.

    When one person kills many others in a single incident, particularly when it seems random, people naturally seek out answers for why the tragedy happened. After all, if a mass shooting is random, anyone can be a target.

    Pointing to some nefarious plan by a powerful group – such as the government – can be more comforting than the idea that the attack was the result of a disturbed or mentally ill individual who obtained a firearm legally.


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