Carl Sagan is widely considered the top expert when it comes to space exploration and study. Among several other accolades and accomplishments, he won a Pulitzer Prize for his book The Dragons of Eden, Emmy and Peabody Awards for his television series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, and NASA’s Distinguished Public Service Medal twice. Yet while his specialty was outer space, his thoughts can apply to people and their relationships.

In a 1985 interview with BBC broadcaster Terry Wogan, Sagan touched on a variety of topics, but the conversation shifted focus primarily on space exploration and making contact with life outside of Earth. Much of what he said about finding and looking for life on other planets can be applied to finding other people on our own planet. Advice and advocacy for investing in outer space are also words to live by for those who feel alone.

Sagan said of space exploration, “We are an exploratory species. We wish to understand who we are, where we are, what our surroundings are. When you study other worlds you learn much more about your own.”

While Sagan is discussing literal planets, this is applicable to figurative “worlds” as well. Exploring other subcultures, hobbies, and interests of people who are outside of your immediate circle can lead to great revelations. You not only learn different lives and lifestyles that you could “try on” to see if they also benefit you, but you also learn more about what you are into and what makes up you. Going outside your comfort zone either connects you with people you’d otherwise miss out on or lets you know what’s out there that isn’t your flavor. Connection and love is active, and needs to be strived for. Even though Sagan was a pure scientist through and through, he also understood the value of love.

Further along in the interview, Sagan was asked about whether there was life on other planets outside our solar system. While admitting that it would be difficult to find, Sagan said, “The Milky Way Galaxy is composed of 400,000 million separate suns, each of which more or less like our own. We now think that planets are commonplace, that most of those stars probably have planetary systems. We know the origin of life is likely under general cosmic circumstances and there were thousands of millions of years for evolution to happen. Under those circumstances, it seems extraordinarily arrogant of us to think we are the only inhabitants of this cosmos.”

Many lonely people feel isolated in their troubles and can feel like there is no one else who could relate to or understand them. Emotions aside, that’s just not true. You’re not the only inhabitant in your cosmos. Much like life outside of Earth, it can be difficult at times to find a person or group that can relate to your troubles, but statistically that’s a near impossibility. They can be found if properly searched with patience, to ease loneliness and create a community to help you cope, bounce ideas off of, and assist you in processing the trauma you may feel. But sometimes, much like making possible contact outside our planet, it could take patience and continuous, consistent effort.

Even if you cannot find someone who relates to you on one exact level, you may find folks that you relate to on other levels that could become supporters anyway. You never know what you may find if you just take a risk chatting with someone on a park bench.

@dyellediamond

A simple approach turnt loneliness into a connection! #socialskills #confidence #socialanxiety #social ♬ Last Hope – Steve Ralph

Speaking of, Sagan’s thoughts on how to communicate and reach out to alien life are applicable for human relationships. In the interview, Sagan suggested to “use a technology that you know well,” which in this case was the radio. He commented on how radio waves could travel through space and then life on other planets could possibly send messages back.

In terms of finding human-to-human communication, the advice isn’t too different. Send a message out there. Fortunately, given the advancements of human technology, the Internet has become a place where you can potentially make global connections through posting on message boards, participating in social media, hopping onto a Discord, and just putting yourself out there to see who sends a message back. Even sending an out-of-the-blue text, email, or call to someone you know that you haven’t communicated with in a while is worth it.

Making a profile on Hinge to find a date might feel like throwing a radio wave into the void, but you’ll never possibly get a response unless you call first. Speaking of, there are even apps to find friends, too, if you want more options for connection. If all this seems too hard, there are professionals that can help you, too.

Finding a connection with someone else might feel like rocket science. However, taking the attitude and philosophy behind one of the greatest planetary scientists and applying it to your social life could reap great rewards.

  • Researchers capture sperm whales headbutting on camera, validating what sailors have said for centuries
    Sperm whales headbutting.Photo credit: University of St Andrews/YouTube
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    Researchers capture sperm whales headbutting on camera, validating what sailors have said for centuries

    “It’s exciting to think about what as-yet unseen behaviours we may soon uncover”

    For centuries, sailors have told wild tales of whales ramming ships. Reports of a sperm whale smashing and sinking the Essex in 1820 inspired Herman Melville to write Moby-Dick. Scientists had never witnessed it themselves—until now.

    Researchers have captured the first-ever drone footage of sperm whales headbutting each other. During fieldwork off the coast of the Balearic Islands, they recorded three separate incidents between 2020 and 2022.

    Drone footage captures sperm whales headbutting

    The new study was published in the journal Marine Mammal Science. Using drones, researchers from the University of St Andrews, the University of the Azores, and Asociación Tursiops captured video evidence of sperm whales headbutting. They found that most of the whales were young, immature males. In one incident, a young male circling near a female suddenly charged and slammed into her, knocking her off course. After the impact, she broke away from the group and did not return.

    The researchers estimated impact speeds ranging from 1.8 to 8 miles per hour, with collisions generating forces of up to 20 tons of pressure. The impacts captured on video were not necessarily considered aggressive. In fact, researchers believe the behavior reflects rough play or forms of mock combat. Similar behaviors can be seen in other mammals, like dolphins and lions.

    sperm whales, Moby Dick, literature, history, whaling
    A depiction of Moby-Dick.
    Photo credit: Canva

    Observations of sperm whale behavior

    Using their large heads, sperm whales have been reported by whalers to strike and move objects since the 19th century. “It was really exciting to observe this behaviour, which we knew had been hypothesised for such a long time, but not yet documented and described systematically,” said Dr. Alec Burslem, lead author of the study.

    “It’s exciting to think about what as-yet unseen behaviours we may soon uncover, as well how more headbutting observations may help us to shed light on the functions the behaviour may serve,” Burslem added.

    Documented, unprovoked attacks on humans by sperm whales are exceedingly rare, with most occurring during historical whaling incidents. Research indicates that sperm whales do not naturally exhibit aggression toward humans. While they can be curious, they often avoid vessels and observers. Historical accounts of whales ramming ships are likely defensive reactions rather than predatory attacks.

    ocean mammals, sperm whales, non-aggressive behavior, language, social structures
    A sperm whale.
    Photo credit: Canva

    Language and cultural identities

    Whales use clicks like letters, combining them into sequences that function like words in a complex form of communication. A 2024 study found that sperm whales use a highly sophisticated communication system with structures resembling a phonetic alphabet. These audio cues are used for coordination, caregiving, and social interaction.

    A 2022 study found that specific click patterns serve as symbolic markers that help establish cultural identities within sperm whale pods. Researchers identified seven distinct clans, each with its own unique dialect. This provided quantitative evidence of whale social structures known as identity codas.

    Studying this new drone footage offers fresh insights into whale social groups and behavior. While the headbutting may look aggressive, researchers interpret it as rough play. With technologies like drones giving scientists unprecedented access to these interactions, it’s exciting to think of what discoveries are yet to be made.

  • Study reveals startling truth: Intelligence lowers our empathy toward other people
    (L) A man gives a thumbs up; (R) An eviction noticePhoto credit: Canva

    A recent study conducted on adults in the UK found that people with higher cognitive ability scored lower on moral foundations. The study, published this summer in the journalIntelligence, sought to gage people’s response to the Moral Foundations Theory based on their overall intelligence. After two different studies, no difference was found between genders, but a person’s intelligence revealed a different story.

    The research suggests that analytical thinkers tend to override their baseline moral intuitiveness. But what does that actually mean? First, cognitive ability refers to problem solving, abstract thinking, memory, logic, language comprehension, and basic critical thinking. This isn’t only IQ, but a person’s ability to process and apply their knowledge. Think of it as a living scholastic aptitude test (SAT.)

    intelligence, moral psychology, cognitive science, empathy, human behavior
    Man embraces a sunset. Photo Credit: Canva

    After testing to rate cognitive ability, subjects were then tested against The Moral Foundations Theory. The idea behind the theory is that, despite different cultures and populations, people tend to follow a similar set of themes and intuitive ethics. The theory follows six core ideas: care, equality, proportionality, loyalty, authority, and purity.

    Surprisingly, the results of the tests found that people with higher intelligence found the moral foundations to be less important.

    Care

    Care has to do with the virtues of kindness, gentleness, and nurturing. This is the foundation of empathy. By feeling connected and emotionally attached to the community, people gain purpose and a strong feeling of belonging.

    Equality

    intelligence, moral psychology, cognitive science, empathy, human behavior
    Symbols for equal diversity. Photo credit: Canva

    Always a hot topic on the political playing field, equality looks to create fair circumstances. The idea is all people have equal opportunity and treatment. Communities offering equality have reduced resentment and foster a cooperative environment where people feel respected and included.

    Proportionality

    This concept is based on fairness and merit. People should get what they deserve and be treated by what they do, not just who they are. What you put in, you get out. This is a driving principle underlying a core belief of this country: that anyone can achieve most anything if they are willing to put in the work. Many would argue for its merit while others would call it wishful thinking.

    Loyalty

    intelligence, moral psychology, cognitive science, empathy, human behavior
    Hands come together. Photo credit: Canva

    This is another popular topic of political leaders and followers. We are tribal by nature and greatly benefit from a feeling of belonging. Sacrificing the individual wants for the needs of the group, this is one of the foundational cornerstones of building communities.

    Authority

    leaders, leadership, hierarchy, traditions, genetics, authority, groups, UK adults, social groups
    Leader in front of group. Photo credit: Canva

    Authority encompasses the concepts of hierarchy and respect for traditions. Research shows we are genetically programmed to seek a social hierarchy. As much as many fight to climb to the top, feeling a part of the system is often enough to supply someone with a great amount of emotional security.

    Purity

    Perhaps you’ve heard the phrase, “Your body is a temple.” The ideal is expressed through self-discipline, self-improvement, and spirituality. Striving to be noble and less carnal, people try to be the best version of themselves. The moral advancement and the elevation of the social consciousness of the community is believed to have incredible value.

    These core values are believed to be inherent in all people, but are they? At least according to this most recent study, the more intelligent you are, the less you might care about them. However, author and literary genius Leo Tolstoy once famously claimed that kindness is one sure sign of a highly intelligent person and other studies back up his views. Maybe when it comes down to it, it depends on the person.

    This article originally appeared last year. It has been updated.

  • Tech company helps dementia patients live independently with memory-prompting smart glasses
    An elderly woman holding glasses. Photo credit: Canva
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    Tech company helps dementia patients live independently with memory-prompting smart glasses

    “For people with the condition like mine who’ve got cognitive impairment, it’s just an amazing thing.”

    People with Alzheimer’s disease and their families often require support. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, one in nine people aged 65 and older has the disease. Nearly 12 million Americans also provide unpaid care to those with Alzheimer’s and other dementias. With that in mind, a tech company is hoping to help through a simple pair of glasses.

    CrossSense, a British technology company, has developed AI-driven smart glasses designed for people experiencing cognitive decline. Using a camera built into the frame, the glasses can identify and label objects directly in the lenses. They also feature an AI assistant, dubbed “Wispy,” which can gently ask questions, provide reminders, and adapt to a user’s needs.

    The purpose of these lenses is to help people with cognitive disabilities live more independently. The AI helps those with Alzheimer’s disease remember steps in a sequence and labels the items they are looking at. This can give patients a sense of confidence while also easing the burden on those who care for them.

    The creators spent more than a decade developing prototypes of the glasses. They trained the AI on everyday activities such as household chores and preparing basic meals. The glasses are designed to work with a patient’s prescription and hearing aids, allowing the AI to learn more about the user’s surroundings. Over time, this can help identify unusual discrepancies for the wearer.

    According to CrossSense’s website, the glasses will check in with the user about items on their schedule, such as appointments and medications. They can also help users remember the names and appearances of people they frequently interact with. The glasses can keep track of conversations users have had, along with items they’ve interacted with throughout the day. The built-in battery allows the glasses to operate for an hour, but a portable power bank can extend use throughout the day.

    Initial results look promising

    The technology is still being thoroughly tested to ensure safety and quality, but it has already made an impression. CrossSense’s glasses were awarded the Longitude Prize on Dementia from the Alzheimer’s Society and Innovate UK. The prize included £1 million to help fund research and production of the glasses. CrossSense hopes to make the glasses available to the public by 2027.

    For the few patients with Alzheimer’s disease who have tested these smart glasses, the support the gadget provides has been game-changing.

    “For people with the condition like mine who’ve got cognitive impairment, it’s just an amazing thing,” Carole Greig, an Alzheimer’s patient and smart glasses tester, told The Guardian. “How fantastic that we can be given some more independence, that we’re going to be able to cope on our own and not be a burden. And not only that, it’s not just [not] being a burden, it’s enjoying your life.”

    A neurologist weighs in

    Dr. Rab Nawaz, a board-certified neurologist in the United Kingdom, spoke to GOOD about the smart glasses and their potential uses.

    “The most promising use is real-time cueing,” he said. “In early-stage dementia, people often struggle not just with memory, but with sequencing, word-finding, visual-spatial processing, and carrying out familiar multistep tasks.”

    He added, “A tool like these glasses could help by labeling objects, prompting the next step in an activity, and reducing the panic that comes when someone knows what they want to do but cannot bridge the gap in the moment.”

    However, Nawaz is hesitant to see this technology as an end-all, be-all solution.

    @minutewomenhomecare

    Here are five simple activities to engage your parent living with dementia to help jog their memory, bring some joy and be engaged with them. #homecare #dementia #boston #caregiving #alzheimers

    ♬ original sound – The Memory Care Guy

    “My biggest concern is overpromising,” he said. “These glasses are exciting, but they are not a treatment for Alzheimer’s and they will not work equally well for every patient, especially as dementia becomes more advanced or if someone has paranoia, hallucinations, poor vision, major hearing impairment, or trouble tolerating wearable devices.”

    With continued testing over time, there will hopefully be further advances in both technology and medicine to support patients with Alzheimer’s disease now and in the future.

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