Are you the person who drives over to the gym, parks, realizes you forgot your headphones, and immediately drives home to get them because you can’t workout without them? You’re not alone, and perhaps more importantly, science is on your side. A University of Edinburgh study on the effects of music and workout playlists found that not only does the right kind of music help boost your efforts when jogging outside or on the treadmill, but they also found the ultimate motivational workout song.

According to the study, the song “Eye of the Tiger” by Survivor got the most effort from fatigue participants compared to other songs that were selected. Anecdotally, this track has been on workout/motivational playlists and mixes on Walkmans to Discmans to iPods to smartphones as a multi-generational favorite, especially for marathon runners. Which is why it shouldn’t be a surprise that the song has over 1.6 billion streams on Spotify and its official music video has 1.1 billion views on YouTube.

Another music study by Dr. Jacob Jolij found that “Eye of the Tiger” was also one of the most feel-good songs of all time. At 109 beats per minute, the song hits that sweet spot between upbeat and motivational, which rewards our brains’ preference for repetitive rhythmic structure creating a consistent drip of pleasing dopamine. This feel-good neurotransmitter can make you feel good as you’re working out while also motivating you to continue, creating a feedback loop of encouraging effort and rewarding you for that effort as you commit to your task. Being that the song scientifically both motivates and rewards a person chemically through its lyrics, riffs, rhythm, and beat, one can conclude that it’s the most motivational song of all time.

The history of the song is burned into American popular culture. After Sylvester Stallone was denied the rights to use “Another One Bites the Dust” by Queen as the theme song for the movie Rocky III, he approached Survivor to come up with a song specifically for the film. After viewing footage of the movie, the band recorded a demo on February 1, 1982 and sent it to Stallone. Sly liked it so much he didn’t wait for a re-recording in a professional studio and immediately added the demo version to the film. A recut, professional release of “Eye of the Tiger” was unleashed to the masses three weeks after Rocky III hit theaters, and it has been on a wild run on and off ever since.

Music is a great motivator in not just exercise, but when you’re preparing, working, cleaning, or doing some other task. Studies and articles from the National Institute of Health and Harvard Business Review back this up. The right kind of music can help not only motivate a person to keep going at their task, but could keep them focused and boost overall productivity along with performance. Other studies show that listening to music alters our perception of time, making long and boring slogs or duties feel shorter depending on if we’re listening to the right track. So, it might be worth putting on your headphones not just when you’re on the treadmill, but also if you’re studying for a test for extra focus, cleaning your house to make the next three hours feel like 30 minutes, or if you need that extra motivational brain boost before a speaking engagement.

So what songs should you add to your motivational/boost/workout playlist aside from “Eye of the Tiger”? Well, that’s up to you. While many fitness instructors and health experts have their opinions and list songs ranging from artists like Aretha Franklin to Mastodon to DMX to Mariah Carey and back again, it’s still pretty much subjective. “Eye of the Tiger” might not even be the best track for you. Over time, listening, and investigating recommendations from friends and family, you’ll be able to curate a great playlist or multiple playlists specifically for when you need that extra “oomph” for a particular task. Enjoy the search.

  • Researchers capture sperm whales headbutting on camera, validating what sailors have said for centuries
    Sperm whales headbutting.Photo credit: University of St Andrews/YouTube
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    Researchers capture sperm whales headbutting on camera, validating what sailors have said for centuries

    “It’s exciting to think about what as-yet unseen behaviours we may soon uncover”

    For centuries, sailors have told wild tales of whales ramming ships. Reports of a sperm whale smashing and sinking the Essex in 1820 inspired Herman Melville to write Moby-Dick. Scientists had never witnessed it themselves—until now.

    Researchers have captured the first-ever drone footage of sperm whales headbutting each other. During fieldwork off the coast of the Balearic Islands, they recorded three separate incidents between 2020 and 2022.

    Drone footage captures sperm whales headbutting

    The new study was published in the journal Marine Mammal Science. Using drones, researchers from the University of St Andrews, the University of the Azores, and Asociación Tursiops captured video evidence of sperm whales headbutting. They found that most of the whales were young, immature males. In one incident, a young male circling near a female suddenly charged and slammed into her, knocking her off course. After the impact, she broke away from the group and did not return.

    The researchers estimated impact speeds ranging from 1.8 to 8 miles per hour, with collisions generating forces of up to 20 tons of pressure. The impacts captured on video were not necessarily considered aggressive. In fact, researchers believe the behavior reflects rough play or forms of mock combat. Similar behaviors can be seen in other mammals, like dolphins and lions.

    sperm whales, Moby Dick, literature, history, whaling
    A depiction of Moby-Dick.
    Photo credit: Canva

    Observations of sperm whale behavior

    Using their large heads, sperm whales have been reported by whalers to strike and move objects since the 19th century. “It was really exciting to observe this behaviour, which we knew had been hypothesised for such a long time, but not yet documented and described systematically,” said Dr. Alec Burslem, lead author of the study.

    “It’s exciting to think about what as-yet unseen behaviours we may soon uncover, as well how more headbutting observations may help us to shed light on the functions the behaviour may serve,” Burslem added.

    Documented, unprovoked attacks on humans by sperm whales are exceedingly rare, with most occurring during historical whaling incidents. Research indicates that sperm whales do not naturally exhibit aggression toward humans. While they can be curious, they often avoid vessels and observers. Historical accounts of whales ramming ships are likely defensive reactions rather than predatory attacks.

    ocean mammals, sperm whales, non-aggressive behavior, language, social structures
    A sperm whale.
    Photo credit: Canva

    Language and cultural identities

    Whales use clicks like letters, combining them into sequences that function like words in a complex form of communication. A 2024 study found that sperm whales use a highly sophisticated communication system with structures resembling a phonetic alphabet. These audio cues are used for coordination, caregiving, and social interaction.

    A 2022 study found that specific click patterns serve as symbolic markers that help establish cultural identities within sperm whale pods. Researchers identified seven distinct clans, each with its own unique dialect. This provided quantitative evidence of whale social structures known as identity codas.

    Studying this new drone footage offers fresh insights into whale social groups and behavior. While the headbutting may look aggressive, researchers interpret it as rough play. With technologies like drones giving scientists unprecedented access to these interactions, it’s exciting to think of what discoveries are yet to be made.

  • Study reveals startling truth: Intelligence lowers our empathy toward other people
    (L) A man gives a thumbs up; (R) An eviction noticePhoto credit: Canva

    A recent study conducted on adults in the UK found that people with higher cognitive ability scored lower on moral foundations. The study, published this summer in the journalIntelligence, sought to gage people’s response to the Moral Foundations Theory based on their overall intelligence. After two different studies, no difference was found between genders, but a person’s intelligence revealed a different story.

    The research suggests that analytical thinkers tend to override their baseline moral intuitiveness. But what does that actually mean? First, cognitive ability refers to problem solving, abstract thinking, memory, logic, language comprehension, and basic critical thinking. This isn’t only IQ, but a person’s ability to process and apply their knowledge. Think of it as a living scholastic aptitude test (SAT.)

    intelligence, moral psychology, cognitive science, empathy, human behavior
    Man embraces a sunset. Photo Credit: Canva

    After testing to rate cognitive ability, subjects were then tested against The Moral Foundations Theory. The idea behind the theory is that, despite different cultures and populations, people tend to follow a similar set of themes and intuitive ethics. The theory follows six core ideas: care, equality, proportionality, loyalty, authority, and purity.

    Surprisingly, the results of the tests found that people with higher intelligence found the moral foundations to be less important.

    Care

    Care has to do with the virtues of kindness, gentleness, and nurturing. This is the foundation of empathy. By feeling connected and emotionally attached to the community, people gain purpose and a strong feeling of belonging.

    Equality

    intelligence, moral psychology, cognitive science, empathy, human behavior
    Symbols for equal diversity. Photo credit: Canva

    Always a hot topic on the political playing field, equality looks to create fair circumstances. The idea is all people have equal opportunity and treatment. Communities offering equality have reduced resentment and foster a cooperative environment where people feel respected and included.

    Proportionality

    This concept is based on fairness and merit. People should get what they deserve and be treated by what they do, not just who they are. What you put in, you get out. This is a driving principle underlying a core belief of this country: that anyone can achieve most anything if they are willing to put in the work. Many would argue for its merit while others would call it wishful thinking.

    Loyalty

    intelligence, moral psychology, cognitive science, empathy, human behavior
    Hands come together. Photo credit: Canva

    This is another popular topic of political leaders and followers. We are tribal by nature and greatly benefit from a feeling of belonging. Sacrificing the individual wants for the needs of the group, this is one of the foundational cornerstones of building communities.

    Authority

    leaders, leadership, hierarchy, traditions, genetics, authority, groups, UK adults, social groups
    Leader in front of group. Photo credit: Canva

    Authority encompasses the concepts of hierarchy and respect for traditions. Research shows we are genetically programmed to seek a social hierarchy. As much as many fight to climb to the top, feeling a part of the system is often enough to supply someone with a great amount of emotional security.

    Purity

    Perhaps you’ve heard the phrase, “Your body is a temple.” The ideal is expressed through self-discipline, self-improvement, and spirituality. Striving to be noble and less carnal, people try to be the best version of themselves. The moral advancement and the elevation of the social consciousness of the community is believed to have incredible value.

    These core values are believed to be inherent in all people, but are they? At least according to this most recent study, the more intelligent you are, the less you might care about them. However, author and literary genius Leo Tolstoy once famously claimed that kindness is one sure sign of a highly intelligent person and other studies back up his views. Maybe when it comes down to it, it depends on the person.

    This article originally appeared last year. It has been updated.

  • Tech company helps dementia patients live independently with memory-prompting smart glasses
    An elderly woman holding glasses. Photo credit: Canva
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    Tech company helps dementia patients live independently with memory-prompting smart glasses

    “For people with the condition like mine who’ve got cognitive impairment, it’s just an amazing thing.”

    People with Alzheimer’s disease and their families often require support. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, one in nine people aged 65 and older has the disease. Nearly 12 million Americans also provide unpaid care to those with Alzheimer’s and other dementias. With that in mind, a tech company is hoping to help through a simple pair of glasses.

    CrossSense, a British technology company, has developed AI-driven smart glasses designed for people experiencing cognitive decline. Using a camera built into the frame, the glasses can identify and label objects directly in the lenses. They also feature an AI assistant, dubbed “Wispy,” which can gently ask questions, provide reminders, and adapt to a user’s needs.

    The purpose of these lenses is to help people with cognitive disabilities live more independently. The AI helps those with Alzheimer’s disease remember steps in a sequence and labels the items they are looking at. This can give patients a sense of confidence while also easing the burden on those who care for them.

    The creators spent more than a decade developing prototypes of the glasses. They trained the AI on everyday activities such as household chores and preparing basic meals. The glasses are designed to work with a patient’s prescription and hearing aids, allowing the AI to learn more about the user’s surroundings. Over time, this can help identify unusual discrepancies for the wearer.

    According to CrossSense’s website, the glasses will check in with the user about items on their schedule, such as appointments and medications. They can also help users remember the names and appearances of people they frequently interact with. The glasses can keep track of conversations users have had, along with items they’ve interacted with throughout the day. The built-in battery allows the glasses to operate for an hour, but a portable power bank can extend use throughout the day.

    Initial results look promising

    The technology is still being thoroughly tested to ensure safety and quality, but it has already made an impression. CrossSense’s glasses were awarded the Longitude Prize on Dementia from the Alzheimer’s Society and Innovate UK. The prize included £1 million to help fund research and production of the glasses. CrossSense hopes to make the glasses available to the public by 2027.

    For the few patients with Alzheimer’s disease who have tested these smart glasses, the support the gadget provides has been game-changing.

    “For people with the condition like mine who’ve got cognitive impairment, it’s just an amazing thing,” Carole Greig, an Alzheimer’s patient and smart glasses tester, told The Guardian. “How fantastic that we can be given some more independence, that we’re going to be able to cope on our own and not be a burden. And not only that, it’s not just [not] being a burden, it’s enjoying your life.”

    A neurologist weighs in

    Dr. Rab Nawaz, a board-certified neurologist in the United Kingdom, spoke to GOOD about the smart glasses and their potential uses.

    “The most promising use is real-time cueing,” he said. “In early-stage dementia, people often struggle not just with memory, but with sequencing, word-finding, visual-spatial processing, and carrying out familiar multistep tasks.”

    He added, “A tool like these glasses could help by labeling objects, prompting the next step in an activity, and reducing the panic that comes when someone knows what they want to do but cannot bridge the gap in the moment.”

    However, Nawaz is hesitant to see this technology as an end-all, be-all solution.

    @minutewomenhomecare

    Here are five simple activities to engage your parent living with dementia to help jog their memory, bring some joy and be engaged with them. #homecare #dementia #boston #caregiving #alzheimers

    ♬ original sound – The Memory Care Guy

    “My biggest concern is overpromising,” he said. “These glasses are exciting, but they are not a treatment for Alzheimer’s and they will not work equally well for every patient, especially as dementia becomes more advanced or if someone has paranoia, hallucinations, poor vision, major hearing impairment, or trouble tolerating wearable devices.”

    With continued testing over time, there will hopefully be further advances in both technology and medicine to support patients with Alzheimer’s disease now and in the future.

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