When it comes to brain function, degeneration caused by aging can be a complicated and quite painful experience to navigate. Issues such as Dementia, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and general age-related cognitive decline are all aging-associated illnesses. Disorders that millions of Americans face every day. Researchers believe they have found a way to reverse the effects caused by age-related cognitive decline. More compelling, the applications of this frontier medicine could be used to help the average person delay or even prevent memory loss.
The University of California, San Francisco, in a 2025 study published in MSN, made some surprising breakthroughs. There is a protein found in the brain called ferritin light chain 1 (FTL1). Studying aging mice, they found the protein amassed in the brain's memory center over time. When they reduced the (FTL1) in older mice, cognitive performance improved back to levels normally seen in juvenile mice.
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What to know about the protein FTL1
Iron is very important for the body as it's necessary for making blood and distributing energy to the cells. When needed, iron can be used to help muscles and the brain function better. FTL1 is like a little iron storage box. Without it, iron would amass and move around, causing problems. FTL1, doing what it is designed to do, can disrupt and deprive neurons of the energy needed for things like memories.
Researchers found that increasing levels of FTL1 in healthy young mice caused the animals to experience memory impairments. The decrease of these protein levels in older mice, the exact opposite, improved their memory. "It is truly a reversal of impairments. It’s much more than merely delaying or preventing symptoms," said senior author of the paper Saul Villeda. The study conducted at the UCSF Bakar Aging Research Institute and published in Nature Aging aims for the research to encompass a much broader share of the older adult population. FTL1 is connected to the typical memory decline that comes with aging. Decline that occurs even without the more drastic implications of disease like Alzheimer's. Finding ways to treat cognitive change for those suffering brain-related disorders, as well as normal age-related decline, could bring massive and exciting change to brain health.
Things to do while you wait for technology to catch up
MIND diet, walking, and sleeping.Image via Canva - Photos by Naushad Siddiqui, Syda Productions, and AtnoYdur
- The first way to take care of your brain starts with diet. A 2024 study in the National Institutes of Health found the MIND diet, Mediterranean-Dash Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, reduced cognitive risk by 4% in men and 8% in women. Studying 30,000 participants over 10 years showed that close adherence to a diet of leafy vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, and occasional fish had a dramatic, positive effect on cognitive health. The diet includes avoiding meat, sweets, cheese, fast food, and fried foods.
- Get physically and mentally active. Regular exercise improves blood flow to the brain and supports cognitive health. Even a 30-minute walk can promote strong benefits. A 2024 study in the National Library of Medicine revealed aerobic and resistance exercise paired with cognitive training improved memory, executive function, processing speed, and physical fitness.
- It's time for all of us to focus on getting better sleep. A 2024 study published in BMC linked shorter sleep with higher (Aβ) amyloid-β, which is a hallmark indicator of Alzheimer's disease. Another 2023 study reported in Springer Nature Link presented that even short-term sleep deprivation can impact cognition and memory.
Neuroscience, University of California. media4.giphy.com
As scientists continue to explore the mechanisms behind memory and brain aging, understanding proteins like FTL1 could open new pathways to slowing cognitive decline. While we await the next groundbreaking scientific advancements, traditional methods for taking care of our health will have to suffice.
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Why do some folks use social media but don't engage?
Psychologist says people who never comment on social media share these 5 positive traits
For over 20 years, social media has developed into a staple in many people’s day-to-day lives. Whether it’s to keep in communication with friends and family, following the thoughts of celebrities, or watching cat videos while sipping your morning coffee, there seem to be two types of social media users: commenters and lurkers.
The term “lurker” sounds equally mysterious and insidious, with some social media users writing them off as non-participants at best or voyeurs at worst. However, mindfulness expert Lachlan Brown believes these non-commenters have some very psychologically positive and healthy traits. Let’s take a look at how each one of these traits could be beneficial and see how fruitful lurking might be even though it can drive content creators crazy.
1. Cautious about vulnerability
Consciously or not, making a post online or commenting on one puts you and your words out there. It’s a statement that everyone can see, even if it’s as simple as clicking “like.” Doing so opens yourself up to judgment, with all the good, bad, and potential misinterpretation that comes with it. Non-commenters would rather not open themselves up to that.
These silent users are connected to a concept of self-protection by simply not engaging. By just scrolling past posts or just reading/watching them without commentary, they’re preventing themselves from any downsides of sharing an opinion such as rejection, misunderstanding, or embarrassment. They also have more control on how much of themselves they’re willing to reveal to the general public, and tend to be more open face-to-face or during one-on-one/one-on-few private chats or DMs. This can be seen as a healthy boundary and prevents unnecessary exposure.
Considering many comment sections, especially involving political topics, are meant to stir negative emotional responses to increase engagement, being extra mindful about where, when, and what you comment might not be a bad idea. They might not even take the engagement bait at all. Or if they see a friend of theirs post something vulnerable, they feel more motivated to engage with them personally one-on-one rather than use social media to publicly check in on them.
2. Analytical and reflective mindset
How many times have you gone onto Reddit, YouTube, or any other site and just skimmed past comments that are just different versions of “yes, and,” “no, but,” or “yes, but”? Or the ever insightful, formerly popular comment “First!” in a thread? These silent browsers lean against adding to such noise unless they have some valid and thoughtful contribution (if they bother to comment period).
These non-posters are likely wired on reflective thinking rather than their initial intuition. Not to say that all those who comment aren’t thoughtful, but many tend to react quickly and comment based on their initial feelings rather than absorbing the information, thinking it over, researching or testing their belief, and then posting it. For "lurkers," it could by their very nature to just do all of that and not post it at all, or share their thoughts and findings privately with a friend. All in all, it’s a preference of substance over speed.
3. High sense of self-awareness
Carried over from the first two listed traits, these silent social media users incorporate their concern over their vulnerability and their reflective mindset into digital self-awareness. They know what triggers responses out of them and what causes them to engage in impulsive behavior. It could be that they have engaged with a troll in the past and felt foolish. Or that they just felt sad after a post or got into an unnecessary argument that impacted them offline. By knowing themselves and seeing what’s being discussed, they choose to weigh their words carefully or just not participate at all. It’s a form of self-preservation through restraint.
4. Prefer to observe rather than perform
Some folks treat social media as information, entertainment, or a mix of both, and commenting can feel like they’re yelling at the TV, clapping alone in a movie theater when the credits roll, or yelling “That’s not true!” to a news anchor that will never hear them. But contrary to that, social media is a place where those yells, claps, and accusations can be seen and get a response. By its design, social media is considered by experts and the media as performative, regardless of whether it is positive or negative. Taking all of the previously mentioned traits into account, one can see why they would prefer to “observe the play” rather than get up on the stage of Facebook or X.
On top of that, these non-commenters could be using social media differently than those who choose to fully engage with it. Using this type of navigation, there may be nothing for them to comment about. Some commenters are even vying for this for their mental health. There are articles about how to better curate your social media feeds and manipulate algorithms to create a better social media experience to avoid unnecessary conflict or mentally tiring debate.
If you go on a blocking spree on all of your accounts and just follow the posters that boost you, it could turn your social media into a nice part of your routine as you mainly engage with others face-to-face or privately. In terms of commenting, if your curated Instagram is just following cute dogs and all you have to offer for a comment is “cute dog,” you might just enjoy the picture and then move on with your day rather than join in the noise. These non-commenters aren’t in the show and they’re fine with it.
5. Less motivated by social validation
The last trait that Brown showcases is that social media users who browse without posting tend to be independent from external validation, at least online. Social media is built to grow through feedback loops such as awarding likes, shares, and reposts of your content along with notifications letting you know that a new person follows you or wants to connect. This can lead many people to connect their activity on social media with their sense of self worth, especially with adolescents who are still figuring out their place in the world and have still-developing brains.
Engaging in social media via likes, shares, comments, and posts rewards our brains by having them release dopamine, which makes us feel good and can easily become addictive. For whatever reason, non-commenters don’t rely on social media as a means to gauge their social capital or self worth. This doesn’t make them better than those who do. While some non-commenters could have healthier ways to boost their self worth or release dopamine into their systems, many get that validation from equally unhealthy sources offline. That said, many non-commenters’ silence could be a display of independence and self confidence.
Whether you frequently comment online or don’t, it’s good to understand why you do or don’t. Analyzing your habits can help you determine whether your online engagement is healthy, or needs to be tweaked. With that information, you can then create a healthy social media experience that works for you.